This present study aimed to determine the efficacy of supplementing layer diets with vitamin A (0, 8,000 and 16,000 IU/kg diet) and vitamin E (0, 250 and 500 mg/kg diet) either individually or in combination on egg production and quality, and blood hematology and chemistry of birds reared under summer conditions. A total of 135 Bovans Brown laying hens were distributed to 9 treatment groups with 5 replicates of 3 hens/pen in a 3 × 3 factorial design. A significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed as supplementary vitamin A or E increased ( P ≤ 0.01). Hens fed diets supplemented with 16,000 IU vitamin A plus 500 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the best FCR among all groups. Egg quality traits were not significantly affected by the interaction of vitamin A and vitamin E levels. There was a significant increase in monocytes ( P ≤ 0.01) and a decrease in basophils counts ( P ≤ 0.05) in response to vitamin E. Significant decreases were observed in packed cell volume (PCV), thyroxine (T 4 ), alanine transferase (ALT), albumin, total cholesterol and total lipids ( ( P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01) P ≤ 0.01) , and increases were observed in serum concentrations of globulin ( P ≤ 0.05) and calcium ( P ≤ 0.01) due to vitamin A. The combination of 0 IU vitamin A and 500 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the highest values of PCV (40.09%) and hemoglobin (Hb) (10.33 mg/100 mL) among all groups. Vitamin E raised serum values of total protein, total cholesterol and total lipids ( P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01). Feed intake, FCR, PCV, Hb, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, T 4 , ALT and total protein were significantly affected by the interaction of vitamins A and E ( P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01). The interaction of vitamins A and E was only significant with respect to serum total protein ( P ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that layer diets supplemented with vitamins A and E had good results in alleviating the harmful impacts of high ambient temperature. The combination of 16,000 IU vitamin A and 500 mg vitamin E per kilogram diet is preferable for obtaining better production of laying hens reared under hot summer conditions.

Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide isolated from brown seaweeds. It has attracted a lot of attention due to its multiple physiological and biological properties. The most dominant polysaccharides in brown seaweeds are laminarin and alginic acid. Fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed possess various biological functions including anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulant, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardio‐protection and growth‐promoting effects. Dietary supplementation of fucoidan showed significant therapeutic influences on aquatic organisms, human, livestock and poultry. This review highlights the medicinal importance and nutritional values of fucoidan polysaccharides for fish, animals and humans, to be used as a natural agent for the treatment of various pathological disorders and to replace the synthetic antibiotics. Previously, most studies are focused on in vitro model and in mice. Further studies are warranted on in vivo model and focusing on a molecular basis to understand the mechanisms of action of fucoidan as an alternative therapeutic drug for fish, animals and humans. Another objective of this review is to give more light about the beneficial impacts of fucoidan on productive performance of animals and poultry as well as aquatic organisms.

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