Malnutrition is still a serious issue that mostly affects children under the age of five worldwide, not just in impoverished nations. Early on in life, ensuring that children get the nutrients they need is critical to their immune system health, as well as their physical and intellectual growth Objectives: To explore the perception of mothers regarding malnutrition in children under five years old in Muzaffargarh. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study carried out in Muzaffargarh, Punjab. Overall 35 participants were employed in the study from Tehsil headquarters Jatoi, Muzaffargarh. The participants were interviewed and the data was audio recorded and in written notes. Thematic analysis was done once the data was collected. Results: The majority (48.6%) of the participants was from the age group of more than 35 years and 71.4% of the participants were living in extended families. More than half (54.3%) of the participants were having 3-4 children and 51.4% of the participants were illiterate. A total of 112 codes were extracted. Overall five these were extracted from 20 categories which highlighted the perception of mothers regarding malnutrition in children under five years old. These five extracted themes were “Lack of Awareness”, “Contributing Factors”, “Poor socioeconomic status”, “Poor quality of diet” and “Poor child Health”. Conclusions: Parents perceived that they done have enough understanding regarding malnutrition. Besides, poor hygiene, improper nutrition, lack of balance diet is some of the contributors of malnutrition among children under five years old. In order to improve parents' knowledge of the appropriate feeding methods for infants and children, health promotion activities should be strengthened at child welfare clinics, health facilities, and at the community level

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a common endocrine condition, rises in adolescent girls and young women during their reproductive years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 116 million (3.4%) of women worldwide experienced PCOS in 2012. PCOS increases a woman's risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, infertility, anxiety, and depression, as well as a poor quality of life related to their health. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and awareness on polycystic ovarian syndrome among lady health visitors in Public Health Nursing School Lahore. Methods: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional study was conducted at Public Health Nursing School in Lahore. A total of 141 participants were recruited through random sampling technique. Lady health visitor (LHV) students of first year and second year between the age group 17 to 30 year were participated in the study. Data analysis was done using SPSS version-25, the most recent release of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Results of the study indicated that majority of participants 114 (80.9 %) were of age ranging from 17-20 years and belongs to belongs to urban areas 75(53.2%). The findings revealed that data was normally distributed as p-value is < 0.05. Results indicated that the total knowledge score of participants regarding PCOS was poor. Conclusions: It was shown that the participants knew nothing about PCOS. The participants' understanding of PCOS risk factors, factors connected to PCOS, and consequences from PCOS is noticeably lacking. A successful teaching intervention designed specifically for nurses can greatly improve their understanding of PCOS.

Administration of cytotoxic medicines (CDs) and occupational exposure to them are global issues. Inappropriate handling can lead to harmful residues getting into patient care areas, hospitals, and even the homes of patients. Objectives: To access the practices of nurses regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs and to evaluate the association among the level of practices and socio-demographic profile of the participants. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 183 nurses of oncology department of public sector tertiary care hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan. The nurses working in oncology departments of age ranges 20 years to 50 years and having at least six months’ experience in oncology units were included in the study. Results: The majority (56%) of the nurses reported “Good Practices” regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs followed by Fair practices (38%) and poor practices (6%). No significant association was reported among the level of practices and socio-demographic profile of the participants. Conclusions: Safe handling of cytotoxic drugs is very important aspect and the nurses can prevent their selves as well as the patients from complications. Overall, good practices were reported by the nurses regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs but still a large proportion of the nurses have fair and poor practices. Effective measures are needed to enhance the practices of nurse’s working in oncology nurses regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs

Deep vein thrombosis is the major cause of disability and death worldwide and it is a major preventable contributor. There is a wide range of literature reported about DVT. Objective: To find out the association between education and duration of working experience of nurses with their knowledge and practice. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was conducted on 56 nurses. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruiting study participants. Data were collected through international tool. Data were analyzed through SPSS VS-24. P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Majority of the participants was females (96.4%) of mean age 33.41 ± 5.30 years and 53.6% of nurses had poor knowledge. Out of the total 56 nurses, 02(3.6%) were male and 54(96.4%) were females. Most of the nurses included in the study had a BS Nursing diploma of 23(41.1%), a general nursing diploma of 22(39.3%), and a post-basic 11(19.6%). About fifty percent (46.4%) participants had poor practices. There was a significant association between nurses’ knowledge and experience of nurses in the field (p-value<0.05). Conclusions: Nurses had good knowledge of the prevention of DVT and somehow of the practices of DVT. It was also found that, nurses have low levels of general knowledge of DVT, risk factors of deep vein thrombosis, and unsatisfactory practices about the prevention of DVT.

Sterilization techniques are the basic and important responsibility of health care professional’s especially nurses. Objective: To evaluate effect of intervention CDC guidelines on nurses’ knowledge regarding Aseptic techniques in operating room. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted on 46 male and female nurses working in the operating room and having experience in operating room more than six months. A random sampling technique was used for data collection. The questionnaire consists of 22 questions about the knowledge of nurses regarding sterile techniques. Nurses were given 3-month intervention regarding aseptic technique, pre and post data was gathered from nurses regarding sterile techniques in operating rooms. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 24. For quantitative variables mean and SD was computed. For categorical variables frequency and percentages was computed. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of nurses were married and female and 32 (69.6%) were between the age group 25-35 years. In the post-intervention phase there were 0(0), 21(45.7%) and 25(54.3%) participants had poor, fair and good knowledge respectively regarding aseptic techniques in operating room. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between pre and post interventional practice scores as evident by (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The current study concluded that the educational interventions on operation room nurses significantly enhance operating room nurses' knowledge regarding aseptic techniques