We investigate the occurrence of slipping magnetic reconnection, chromospheric evaporation, and coronal loop dynamics in the 2014 September 10 X-class flare. The slipping reconnection is found to be present throughout the flare from its early phase. Flare loops are seen to slip in opposite directions towards both ends of the ribbons. Velocities of 20-40 km s −1 are found within time windows where the slipping is well resolved. The warm coronal loops exhibit expanding and contracting motions that are interpreted as displacements due to the growing flux rope that subsequently erupts. This flux rope existed and erupted before the onset of apparent coronal implosion. This indicates that the energy release proceeds by slipping reconnection and not via coronal implosion. The slipping reconnection leads to changes in the geometry of the observed structures at the IRIS slit position, from flare loop top to the footpoints in the ribbons. This results in variations of the observed velocities of chromospheric evaporation in the early flare phase. Finally, it is found that the precursor signatures including localized EUV brightenings as well as non-thermal X-ray emission are signatures of the flare itself, progressing from the early phase towards the impulsive phase, with the tether-cutting being provided by the slipping reconnection. The dynamics of both the flare and outlying coronal loops is found to be consistent with the predictions of the standard solar flare model in 3D.

Aims. We present a multiwavelength analysis of 20 EUV jets which occurred at the periphery of active regions close to sunspots. We discuss the physical parameters of the jets and their relation with other phenomena such as Hα surges, nonthermal type-III radio bursts and hard X-ray (HXR) emission. Methods. These jets were observed between August 2010 and June 2013 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument that is onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). We selected events that were observed on the solar disk within +/-60• latitude. Using AIA wavelength channels that are sensitive to coronal temperatures, we studied the temperature distribution in the jets using the line of sight (LOS) differential emission measure (DEM) technique. We also investigated the role of the photospheric magnetic field using the LOS magnetogram data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard SDO. Results. It has been observed that most of the jets originated from the western periphery of active regions. Their lifetimes range from 5 to 39 min with an average of 18 min and their velocities range from 87 to 532 km s −1 with an average of 271 km s −1 . All the jets are co-temporally associated with Hα surges. Most of the jets are co-temporal with nonthermal type-III radio bursts observed by the Wind/WAVES spacecraft in the frequency range from 20 kHz to 13 MHz. We confirm the source region of these bursts using the potential field source surface (PFSS) technique. Using Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) observations, we found that half of the jets produced HXR emission and they often shared the same source region as the HXR emission (6−12 keV). Ten out of 20 events showed that the jets originated in a region of flux cancellation and six jets in a region of flux emergence. Four events showed flux emergence and then cancellation during the jet evolution. DEM analyses showed that for most of the spires of the jets, the DEM peaked at around log T [K] = 6.2/6.3 (∼2 MK). In addition, we derived an emission measure and a lower limit of electron density at the location of the spire (jet 1: log EM = 28.6, N e = 1.3 × 10 10 cm −3 ; jet 2: log EM = 28.0, N e = 8.6 × 10 9 cm −3 ) and the footpoint (jet 1 -log EM = 28.6, N e = 1.1 × 10 10 cm −3 ; jet 2: log EM = 28.1, N e = 8.4 × 10 9 cm −3 ). These results are in agreement with those obtained earlier by studying individual active region jets. Conclusions. The observation of flux cancellation, the association with HXR emission and emission of nonthermal type-III radio bursts, suggest that the initiation and therefore, heating is taking place at the base of the jet. This is also supported by the high temperature plasma revealed by the DEM analysis in the jet footpoint (peak in the DEM at log T [K] = 6.5). Our results provide substantial constraints for theoretical modeling of the jets and their thermodynamic nature.

We present and discuss multi-wavelength observations of five homologous recurrent solar jets that occurred in active region NOAA 11133 on 11 December, 2010. These jets were well observed by the Solar Dynamic observatory (SDO) with high spatial and temporal resolution. The speed of the jets ranged between 86 and 267 km s −1 . A type III radio burst was observed in association with all the five jets. The investigation of the over all evolution of magnetic field in the source regions suggested that the flux was continuously emerging on longer term. However, all the jets but J5 were triggered during a local dip in the magnetic flux, suggesting the launch of the jets during localised submergence of magnetic flux. Additionally, using the PFSS modelling of the photospheric magnetic field, we found that all the jets were ejected in the direction of open field lines. We also traced sunspot oscillations from the sunspot interior to foot-point of jets and found presence of ∼ 3 minute oscillations in all the SDO/AIA passbands. The wavelet analysis revealed an increase in amplitude of the oscillations just before the trigger of the jets, that decreased after the jets were triggered. The observations of increased amplitude of the oscillation and its subsequent decrease provides evidence of wave-induced reconnection triggering the jets.

We present a study of a recurring jet observed on October 31, 2011 by SDO/AIA, Hinode/XRT and Hinode/EIS. We discuss the physical parameters of the jet such as density, differential emission measure, peak temperature, velocity and filling factor obtained using imaging and spectroscopic observations. A differential emission measure (DEM) analysis was performed at the region of the jet-spire and the footpoint using EIS observations and also by combining AIA and XRT observations. The DEM curves were used to create synthetic spectra with the CHIANTI atomic database. The plasma along the line-of-sight in the jet-spire and jet-footpoint was found to be peak at 2.0 MK. We calculated electron densities using the Fe XII (λ186/λ195) line ratio in the region of the spire (N e = 7.6×10 10 cm −3 ) and the footpoint (1.1×10 11 cm −3 ). The plane-of-sky velocity of the jet is found to be 524 km/s. The resulting EIS DEM values are in good agreement with those obtained from AIA-XRT. There is no indication of high temperatures, such as emission from Fe XVII (λ254.87) (log T [K] = 6.75) seen in the jet-spire. In case of the jet-footpoint, synthetic spectra predict weak contributions from Ca XVII (λ192.85) and Fe XVII (λ254.87). With further investigation, we confirmed emission from the Fe XVIII (λ93.932 Å) line in the AIA 94 Å channel in the region of the footpoint. We also found good agreement between the estimated and predicted Fe XVIII count rates. A study of the temporal evolution of the jet-footpoint and the presence of high-temperature emission from the Fe XVIII (log T [K] = 6.85) line leads us to conclude that the hot component in the jet-footpoint was present initially that the jet had cooled down by the time EIS observed it.

Aims. We present a thorough investigation of the cool and hot temperature components in four recurring active region jets observed on July 10, 2015 using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), X-ray Telescope (XRT), and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) instruments. Methods. A differential emission measure (DEM) analysis was performed on areas in the jet spire and footpoint regions by combining the IRIS spectra and the AIA observations. This procedure better constrains the low temperature DEM values by adding IRIS spectral lines. Plasma parameters, such as Doppler velocities, electron densities, nonthermal velocities and a filling factor were also derived from the IRIS spectra. Results. In the DEM analysis, significant cool emission was found in the spire and the footpoint regions. The hot emission was peaked at log T [K] = 5.6-5.9 and 6.5 respectively. The DEM curves show the presence of hot plasma (T = 3 MK) in the footpoint region. We confirmed this result by estimating the Fe XVIII emission from the AIA 94 Å channel which was formed at an effective temperature of log T [K] = 6.5. The average XRT temperatures were also found to be in agreement with log T [K] = 6.5. The emission measure (EM) was found to be three orders of magnitude higher in the AIA-IRIS DEM compared with that obtained using only AIA. The O IV (1399/1401 Å) electron densities were found to be 2.0 × 10 10 cm −3 in the spire and 7.6 × 10 10 cm −3 in the footpoint. Different threads along the spire show different plane-of-sky velocities both in the lower corona and transition region. Doppler velocities of 32 km s −1 (blueshifted) and 13 km s −1 (redshifted) were obtained in the spire and footpoint, respectively from the Si IV 1402.77 Å spectral line. Nonthermal velocities of 69 and 53 km s −1 were recorded in the spire and footpoint region, respectively. We obtained a filling factor of 0.1 in the spire at log T [K] = 5. Conclusions. The recurrent jet observations confirmed the presence of significant cool emission co-spatial with the coronal emission.