ObjectiveTo evaluate the antidepressant activity of SGLT-2 inhibitors in mice. MethodsSixty adult Swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 grams were selected. Thirty were allocated to forced swim test and thirty to tail suspension test models. In each model, there were 4 groups. The control group received vehicle (10 ml/kg, p. o) as standard, Imipramine (10 mg/kg, p. o) and the two test groups received dapagliflozin and capagliflozon respectively1hour prior to the acute study. In chronic study, the drugs were given orally once a day for 10 days and the last dose was given 1hour before the experiment. Duration of immobility was noted in forced swim test and tail suspension test.Statistical analysis was performed using Mean +/-SEM. ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. P< 0.05 was considered statically significant. Results SGLT-2 inhibitors produced a significant antidepressant effect at all the doses, as indicated by the reduction in the duration of immobility compared to the standard. The antidepressant effect was higher with dapagliflozin when compared to capagliflozon and control. Conclusions SGLT-2 inhibitors has shown significant antidepressant activity greater than imipramine in mice.They have received considerable attention in recent times due to their beneficial effects on multiple physiological systems. After the realization of pleiotropic effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors 2 , they are being prescribed to patients suffering from cardiovascular disorders like hypertension and ischemic heart disease, irrespective of the lipid profile. SGLT-2 inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed in the world for chronic diabetic resistant patients for insulin .3 Glucose reduction using SGLT-2 inhibitors improves memory in some cases but not others. Controversy exists overuse of SGLT-2 inhibitors to alleviate memory problems in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 4 Correlations of glucose and cognitive function are mixed and association studies find that some genetic polymorphisms are related to cognitive function but others are not. 5Recently, some concerns are raised regarding effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on memory and psychomotor functions.Hyperglycemia is thus suggested to partly mediate age-related brain changes. A Possible link between hyperglycemia and depression has been suggested in both clinical and preclinical studies. The recently proposed entity of vascular depression provides indirect support for hyperglycemia as a risk factor in the path physiology of depression. Since diabetes is more prevalent in geriatric patients, use SGLT-2 inhibitors may have beneficial effects on depression. Hence this study was undertaken to find out its role in animal models of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Chettinad Hospitals and Research Institute, Chettinad University, Chennai, India. Adult male Swiss albino mice weighing 25-35 gm from our breeding stock were used in this study. The animals were housed at 24±2 o C with 12:12 h light and dark cycle.They had...

PURPOSE "The aim of the present study was to compare hardness of heat polymerized denture base resin with addition of 15% aluminium oxide filler". MATERIALS AND METHODS "A total of 30 specimens were prepared and divided in two groups. 15 samples were processed by conventional heat polymerized denture base resin. Another 15 samples were processed with modified heat polymerized denture base resin with addition of aluminium oxide filler. Hardness testing was conducted using a Vickers hardness tester. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and differences were statistically significant at the 0.05level". RESULTS "The Vickers hardness numbers (VHN)was21.8±2.39forcontrol groupand22.18±1.42formodified heat polymerized denture base resin with addition of aluminium oxide filler, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The hardness of conventional heat polymerized denture base resin and modified heat polymerized denture base resin with addition of aluminium oxide filler were not significantly different".