Purpose/ The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two decomposition processes namely, composting and vermicomposting on the chemical composition of the finished products of a mixture of cotton residues:soil and cotton residues: farmyard: soil .Design/ Composting experiments were done over six months to prepare four different mixtures as follows: cotton residues + soil (C), cotton residues +soil+ earthworms (C+E), cotton residues + soil+ farmyard manure (C+F) and cotton residues + soil+ farmyard manure +earthworms (C+F+E). Electrical conductivity, pH, , nitrate-N, ammonium-N, ash, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, carbon: nitrogen ratio, total potassium and trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) were determined on monthly based samples . Findings/ Significant differences (p<0.05) in organic carbon, nitrate-N, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content were recorded in vermicompost compared to compost. In general, results indicated that vermicompost had a significant effect compared to compost and a positive effect on the chemical properties of the finished products.Originality/ value-This research work was carried out by four researcher from two institution concerning with agriculture production and environment. The paper emphasizes on production of organic fertilizer from agricultural waste to increase productivity and to reduce environmental pollution

Compost is the best overall soil amendment growers can use to increase the quality and health of soil. Good compost provides soil with nutrients, organic matter, and beneficial microorganisms, which can improve crop health, growth, quality, and yields. Compost also improves a soil's structure and long-term nutrient availability, which helps plants better tolerate drought and suppress disease. However, the time, space, and equipment needed to make and apply compost can make it prohibitive for some farmers. Compost tea offers some of the benefits of compost in a more manageable package. For centuries, farmers have soaked "tea bags" full of compost in tubs of water, and then used the resulting liquid (compost tea) to fertilize and improve the health of their crops. This study was conducted to study the effect of compost tea application on the some soil characteristics to periods of treatment compost is divided into three groups: compost tea, compost, control. Best treatment was obtained in compost tea. Soil sample was collected from (0-30) cm from Alsilait Agricultural Scheme, Khartoum North, air dried under room temperature for 24 hours, ground, sieved (2mm) and stored in sampling sacs for further analysis. The soil samples were analyzed using the methods described by Page et.al. (1986). Results of soil analysis showed very low nitrogen content of the studied samples, clay loam texture, neutral alkalinity and salinity within acceptable range. Results of compost tea of Bagasse & Mango is revealed the increase in extract pH after dilution from acidic to alkaline for Bagasse and Mango compost tea, respectively.

I express my appreciation to my late mother, my father and my sisters for their love and ``never ending`` care through out my life.Finally, I dedicate this work to my husband and my daughter who shared patiently every moment and waited hardly till it comes to an end.

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Problem: Sudan is currently facing a serious problem of disposal and reuse of waste water from different sources. In the oil industry, refinery waste water was estimated to be 20 million m 3 /annum. Evaporation ponds were established in order to treat the waste water for further use, mainly irrigating trees as shelter belts and wind breaks around the refinery area. Objective:The ongoing tree planting efforts, using the refinery waste water for irrigation, seemed to be based on inadequate information regarding the use of the most suitable tree species in terms of both site adaptability and tolerance to the waste water quality. In addition, there were hazardous effects of waste water on the environment, mainly on soil characteristics.Methodology: Six tree species (Acacia tortili, Eucalyptus camadulensis, Azadrichta indica, Grewia tennax, Eugenia jambolana, and Conocarpus erectus) were selected and used in a completely randomized block design in a field trial using refinery waste water for irrigation. Data were collected concerning plant growth parameters and performance throughout the experimentation period of 15 months. Soil samples were analysed after the application of waste water for quality assessment. Findings:The results of the experiment revealed a significant difference between all six tree species in their tolerance to waste water. These differences included number of leaves, number of branches, plant height and stem diameter. The most suitable tree species found were Conocarpus erecta and Acacia tortilis, while the least tolerant tree was Grewia tenax. Soil analysis results revealed a remarkable change in some soil characteristics after waste water application, mainly electric conductivity, pH and minerals concentrations.Value: Refinery waste water could be used for irrigation purposes, but only under certain circumstances. Proper treatment measures should be introduced before the use of waste water. Soil quality was also important and certain precautions should be implemented before irrigation.