Das Verhalten einer Flachgründung auf bewehrtem Baugrund mit einer Zwischenlage aus Schotter bei starkem Erdbeben. Für die Gründung einer Vorlandbrücke der Golden Ears Bridge in Vancouver (Kanada)
IntroductionThe Golden Ears Bridge (GEB) spans the Fraser River in the metropolitan area of Vancouver. The main bridge is a 5-span continuous 968 m cable-stayed bridge. The approaches to the main bridge total 1.4 km with 600 m on the North and 840 m on the South side. The Fraser River delta is a geologically young formation, consisting of up to 300 m thick, partially loose/soft Holocene soil deposits. It lies within a seismically active area. The National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) prescribes "firm ground" peak ground acceleration (PGA) values of 0.24 g and 0.46 g for the Vancouver region for return periods of 475 years and 2475 years respectively [1].The main bridge and the South approach bridge were founded on conventional pile foundations consisting of drilled shafts with a diameter of 2.5 m and lengths of up to 90 m [2]. On the North approach bridge, a spread footing over pile-reinforced ground was used as an innovative alternative to a conventional pile foundation.In this foundation type, the spread footing is separated from the pile heads by a layer of well-compacted sandy gravel. This layer can be wrapped in a geosynthetic which provides lateral support and minimizes vertical deformation under both static and seismic loading. On a considerably bigger scale, the concept of a spread footing over reinforced ground was used recently for the foundation of the main pylons of the Rion-Antirion Bridge in the Golf of Corinth, Greece, as reported in [3].This contribution focuses on the evaluation of the influence of the thickness of the gravel layer and the pile spacing on both the dynamic response of the pier and the internal forces in the piles during strong shaking. With this objective, dynamic three-dimensional Finite-Element
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