Having everyone on the "same page" in teams working toward a common objective is essential to effective teamwork, yet an integrative understanding of factors that enhance these shared mental models (SMM) is absent from the evidence base. We addressed this gap in the literature via a prospectively registered (https://bit.ly/2I7zJzz) systematic review of five databases to identify eligible studies and statistically synthesize evidence from 36 lab or field experiments (131 effect sizes, N participants = 6,209, N teams = 1,912) that tested the effectiveness of team development interventions (TDI) for enhancing SMM among adults where participants were randomized to experimental groups. Via a three-level random effects meta-analysis, we found a positive and significant medium-to-large overall effect of TDI on SMM, g = .61, 95% CI [.41, .82]; sensitivity and meta-bias analyses (e.g., risk of bias, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations [GRADE] assessment) generally supported the robustness of this overall effect. Moderator analyses indicated that outcome assessment method meaningfully altered the overall pooled effect, with stronger effects observed when outcomes were researcher-assessed. Nevertheless, our assessment indicated low certainty in the quality of the evidence and "noisiness" in the overall estimate (i.e., prediction interval of −0.66 and 1.89). Overall, this study contributes new knowledge on the antecedents of SMM that can inform theory regarding the nomological network of this concept, as well as methodological insights that can improve the evidence-base in future work.

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Clinicians often rely on clients' retrospective reports of past symptoms to diagnose and treat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, there is limited research investigating memory for past PTSD symptoms. We asked sexual assault survivors to report their PTSD symptoms and then recall them 6 months later. Overall, symptom recall was consistent with initial reports. However, after dividing participants into PTSD-positive and negative groups, we found that people who were PTSD-negative at follow-up underestimated past PTSD symptom severity while people who were PTSD-positive overestimated past symptoms. For example, 2.8% of PTSD-negative participants versus 15.9% of PTSD-positive participants recalled experiencing 20+ more points on the PCL-5 at follow-up than at initial assessment. Further, people who adjusted over time greatly underestimated past symptoms unlike those who remained PTSD-positive. Our findings have important theoretical and clinical implications because they show that current symptom severity may influence the memory reconstruction of prior levels of adjustment.

People often report experiencing trauma events that they previously failed to remember or report. Research on this amplification effect has typically examined memory reports for large-scale shared events that are often discussed widely in the community, potentially exposing victims to postevent information. This postevent information may have distorted their trauma memory, leading them to falsely remember experiencing events that they did not experience. Here, we examined whether personal, often unreported trauma events also amplify over time. Participants reported their sexual assault experiences at 2 time points, 6 months apart. Participants reported fewer events over time; that is, memory for sexual assault did not amplify. However, the number of amplification errors that participants made was positively related to exposure to media reports about the trauma; postevent information contained in these reports could have promoted memory errors. Amplification errors were also positively related to symptomatology. It is possible people reappraised traumatic events they initially considered to be of low impact as significant to justify emerging or continuing distress.

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