The study was conducted to find out the pattern of labour engagement (both family andhired labour), price realization of different type of small tea growers and economic analysisof the small tea growing system. Small tea growers of Jalpaiguri and Uttar Dinajpur districtof West Bengal were selected purposively. The present study mainly considered primarydata for analysis and a small amount of secondary data was also collected from records ofConfederation of Indian Small Tea Growers’ Association (CISTA) and Self-Help Group(SHG) registers. It has been found that there is a variation in price of green leaves in bothdistricts and higher rates are observed in the month of March. SHGs with own processingunits were found to fetch higher prices compared to other units because of their collectivebargaining power, absence of middlemen and owing co-operative processing units. Numberof such SHGs, with processing units were found in Jalpaiguri district whereas, UttarDinajpur district recorded no SHG with own processing units. The economic analysis alsopresented a clear picture about fixed and operational cost, gross return with or withoutdividend and benefit cost ratio.

Riverbed farming is a sustainable, productivity-enhancing technology suitable for dissemination in other appropriate areas. It has been shown to be economically viable, environmentally sustainable, socially acceptable and technologically appropriate for landless and land-poor farmers in the Terai region. The study was conducted on five villages from three riverbed systems with 20 respondents from each village thereby totaling number of 100 respondents. The data were collected on information about riverbed cultivation, marketing of riverbed products, prospects of riverbed cultivation and constraints of riverbed cultivation. The results shows that 100% respondents give first rank to proper utilization of riverbed land for adopting riverbed cultivation and 100% accept that they have used income from riverbed cultivation to setup other occupations. It was also shown that most of the farmers sell their produce through middlemen from the farm that was 75% in Singimari river bed system followed by 65% in Torsha and 60% in Shiltorsha respectively and transportation was the most important constraint having mean value 2.83

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an important cash crop grown by tribal farmers of Odisha for their livelihood. It has been observed that a large number of tribal farmers still practice the traditional method of cultivation of turmeric. Turmeric is cultivated in slopes with or without terraces and in plains as a sole crop and intercrop. Local varieties 'Kandhamal Local' of turmeric are grown in Kandhamal district of Odisha. The present study was conducted during (2020-21) in Kandhamal district of Odisha to analyze the Factors responsible for willingness to adopt recommended agricultural Practices by turmeric growers and factors, socioeconomic constraints, infrastructure and situational constraints, personal constraints, managerial constraints, institutional & policy constraints and overall constraints affecting responsible for willingness to adopt recommended agricultural practices of organic turmeric. It was found that turmeric growers had a medium to high level of willingness to adopt recommended agricultural practices of organic turmeric. And among selected factors the respondent's extent of participants had a negative and significant relationship followed by nature of participants and size of agricultural and had positive and significant relationship with Factors responsible for willingness to adopt recommended agricultural Practices of Organic Turmeric. KASAM, Horticulture extension workers, Horticulture department were regularly motivating them to adopt recommended agricultural practices of organic turmeric.

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India is the second largest producer in the world and considered as the native of seasonal and tropical evergreen jackfruit (Artocarpus hetesophyllus L.) tree. Each and every village of North Bengal, have various types of jackfruit plants which needs to be known for their characteristics. Data were gathered from 60 jackfruit farmers of five villages of Cooch Behar and Alipurduar district through a structured interview schedule. The characteristics of jackfruit plant were assessed through IPGRI descriptor. The results showed that the jackfruit trees of North Bengal were dominated by irregular crown (40.32) and branch shape (39.24) with narrowly elliptical leaf blade shape (51.08), but broadly pyramidal crown shape and ellipsoid flake shape produced best quality vegetable as well as ripe fruit; whereas clavate fruit shape for vegetable and ellipsoid fruit shape for fruit was perceived best. The quality was assessed through matrix ranking of different parameters by group of farmers. On the basis of crown shape, most respondents preferred broadly pyramidal shape tree, acuminate leaf apex, ellipsoid fruit shape, cordate flake shape, yellow flake colour, ellipsoid seed shape and fruit position on the stem. Farmers opined middle time as best production time of jackfruit and pyramidal shape tree as best shape. Broadly elliptical leaf shape, acuminate leaf apex, obtuse apex shape and clavate fruit shape were the most preferred morphological characteristics. Although the farmers are the best evaluator but a scientific level evaluation is recommended for validation of the parameters for universal use.