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Abstract. Steganography is one in all the foremost persuasive approaches to mask the presence of hidden data inside a cover object. Images are one of the suitable cover objects for the Steganography. Current trends support, digital image files as the cover file to hide multiple secret images. Steganography presents the clandestine information can be covered in mediums like image, video and audio. This paper provides a LSB image Steganography technique to hide multiple secret images in a cover image which is in a YCbCr color space format using Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT). There is no optical variation between the stego image and the original cover image. The proposed hardware architecture gives very fast, programmable & cost effective hardware solution in the area of Secure Communication.

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The most crucial task in real-time processing of image or video steganography algorithms is to reduce the computational delay and increase the throughput of a steganography embedding and extraction system. This problem is effectively addressed by implementing steganography hiding and extraction methods in reconfigurable hardware. This chapter presents a new high-speed reconfigurable architectures that have been designed for Least Significant Bit (LSB) and multi-bit based image steganography algorithm that suits Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) implementation. Typical architectures of LSB steganography comprises secret message length finder, message hider, extractor, etc. The architectures may be realized either by using traditional hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHDL or Verilog. The designed architectures are synthesizable in FPGAs since the modules are RTL compliant. Before the FPGA/ASIC implementation, it is convenient to validate the steganography system in software to verify the concepts intended to implement.

The concern regarding the pathophysiology of hemorrhage in pituitary macroadenoma -Alteration of vasoregulation in viremia, due to attack of SARS-CoV2 viruses at ACE2 receptors has already been described in detail in the manuscript. [1] The study pointed out by authors Syahrul S et al. published in Jan 2021 also describes multiple possible pathophysiologies behind hemorrhagic events in COVID-19, which is mainly associated with the elevation of Angiotensin II levels, which is an event subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 occupation of the ACE2 receptor. [3,4] This recent study also points out cytokine storm-related activity affecting extracellular matrix and cell junctions as possible factors for hemorrhage. However, we want to make it clear that apoplexy can be due to all explained reasons in COVID-19; also, inflammation itself can act as a precipitating factor for apoplexy in this case.