Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has been emerging as interesting and expanding research area due to environmentally friendly, non-toxic, clean, less costly route and also it can be done at room pressure and temperature. Blumea lacera is described as a valuable medicinal plant in many vital systems of medicines. The study explored the eco-friendly green synthesis of MnO2 NPs using Blumea lacera leaf extract. Method: Reduction of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) using Blumea lacera leaf extract were carried out at room temperature. The crude extract of Blumea lacera were added to metal ion reagents of specific volume and specific concentration at ambient temperature and stirred continuously using magnetic stirrer. The aqueous leaf extract reduced and stabilized the KMnO4 into MnO2 NPs. The MnO2 NPs obtained from the solution was purified and separated by repeated centrifugation using Remi cooling centrifuge model C-24. Results: The biosynthesized MnO2 NPs characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 400 nm. The XRD studies revealed the spherical shape of MnO2 NPs with an average particle diameter of 20 nm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups -OH, C=O, C=C, and C-H triggering the synthesis of MnO2 NPs. Vibrational mode at around 606.62 and 438.81 cm−1 supports the occurrence of O–Mn–O bond. Conclusion: The synthesized MnO2 NPs was found to be a good antibacterial and antifungal agent against bacterial stain Staphylococcus aureus, S. bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and fungal stain C. albicans, Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii.

Background: The purpose of our study is to compare thin-section corticomedullary and nephrographic phase images of the kidneys to determine whether one of these phases of parenchymal enhancement is superior in the characterization of a previously detected indeterminate renal mass. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional prospective study which included 30 consecutive cases of renal masses detected on MDCT. The study data was collected from July 2014 to June 2016 in the Department of Radio-diagnosis, Shri B.M. Patil Medical College Hospital and research center, Bijapur, Karnataka. Attenuation values and enhancement pattern of renal masses during unenhanced, corticomedullary and nephrographic phases were analysed, for better detection and characterization of renal masses by multidetector computed tomography. Results: No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in enhancement were noted for the radiologically benign cysts when the corticomedullary and nephrographic phases were compared. The normal renal cortex demonstrated greater enhancement in nephrographic phase (mean-137 ± 9 HU) than in corticomedullary phase (mean-122± 15 HU). Conclusion: To conclude, MDCT protocol for evaluation of renal masses should include unenhanced, corticomedullary and nephrographic phases for better detection and characterization of renal masses.

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Background: The knee is a major weight bearing joint that provides mobility and stability during physical activity as well as balance while standing. Traumatic knee injuries are frequently encountered both in general practice and in the hospital setting. These injuries are often caused by sports activities and may lead to severe pain and disability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its multi-planar capabilities and excellent soft tissue contrast, has established itself as the leading modality for noninvasive evaluation of the sports related knee injuries. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted at the department of radiology in BLDE (DU), Shri B M Patil Medical College & RC during the period February 2020 to February 2022. 100 patients (100 knees) were examined, 84 patients were males and 22 patients were females their ages ranging from (16-61) years, presented with various knee joint injuries and were referred from Orthopedics Department BLDE (DU), Shri B M Patil Medical College & RC, Vijayapur, Karnataka. Results: In our study MRI examination was performed on (100) patients with complaints of knee injury.

Background: Perianal fistula is an abnormal tract connecting the anal canal and the perianal skin. Precise delineation of the tracts is necessary before surgery to know the anatomical details in order to prevent recurrences and incontinence. We studied the efficacy of percutaneous (perianal) instillation of aqueous jelly versus percutaneous (perianal) gadolinium instillation on magnetic resonance (MR) fistulography and compared to intra-operative findings. Materials and Methods: All patients with suspected peri-anal fistula showing external opening and active perianal discharge, who were sent for MR fistulography. MR fistulography with aqueous jelly instillation of perianal external opening was done on day 1, MR fistulogram with percutaneous (perianal) instillation of gadolinium contrast was performed next day which were correlated surgically. Results: A total of 30 patients underwent MR fistulogram with both modalities, of which, 28 of them underwent surgery. Out of the 28 patients with intra-operative primary tract, all 28 were identified to have the primary tract. Secondary tract identification by aqueous jelly instillation showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 55.5%, 100%, 100%, 82.6%, and 85.7% respectively. Secondary tract identification by gadolinium instillation showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of  77.7%, 100%, 100%, 90.4%, and 92.8% respectively.