To prepare cross-linked silicone (silicone rubber) particles in an aqueous medium, we investigated two synthesis methods involving a miniemulsion system. The first method was based on cationic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic siloxane, which is a common synthetic route for linear silicone oil and uses octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) as the monomer and dimeric D 4 (bis-D 4 ) as the cross-linker. Although this method produces silicone particles, the particles do not remain in the particulate state after drying because of low cross-linking density. The polymerization mechanism of this method was also investigated, which proceeds under the ring-opening reaction of D 4 in monomer droplets and upon polycondensation of hydrolyzed D 4 , which occurs in the water phase (ie, outside the monomer droplets). This mechanism implied that introducing the cross-linking structure into particles is difficult because of the low solubility of bis-D 4 in water. To overcome these difficulties, we demonstrated a second method of preparing silicone particles based on the thiol-Michael addition reaction between thiolterminated silicone oil and triacrylate in miniemulsion systems. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the silicone particles obtained in the particulate state upon drying and the aggregates of these particles showed elasticity.