運動の楽しさと技能向上から見た学習者の感覚経験を 重視した指導方略の効果 79.yg.412@gmail.com Abstract: Two learning methods for developing high performance and enjoyment in gymnastics were investigated. The participants were healthy undergraduates (n = 38) who were randomly divided into a "model mastery learning group", for which ideal movements were emphasized, and a "kinesthetic experiential learning group", for which practice of various movements was emphasized, when performing balance exercises on a gymnastic ball. The psychological effects of the two learning methods were compared using the Intrinsic Motivation Scale, Sport Flow Scale, and Two-Dimensional Mood Scale. Improvements in gymnastic performance were evaluated by timing the durations of balancing on the ball and observations by expert gymnasts.The results indicated that the participants in the kinesthetic experiential learning group had better balancing times and higher intrinsic motivation, flow state, and pleasure mood scores, whereas the stability of posture on the ball was considered to be higher in the model mastery learning group.These findings suggest that learning methods using proactive, trial and error learning, and assorted experiences with versatile kinesthesis are more effective for promoting the enjoyment of gymnastics and improving exercise performance.

The objective of this study is to elucidate the techniques used for Doppelknieumschwung ("knee-turning"; in Japanese "hizakake mawari"; two turns, hereafter "DKU") in the exercise category straight line of Rhӧnrad (wheel gymnastics) from the view point of phenomenological-morphological movement theory.The person who is being studied is the author himself who has mastered DKU already.The period of study is 4 years and 4 months during which the author practiced the DKU aiming at mastering it. The period was divided into 3 sub-periods according to the learning level. Then, the data were collected in each sub-period for the image at the practice and matches, and for the description of the practice note, etc. Based on the data, the learning level was reviewed in detail. The content of the learning level was further analyzed reflectively from the view point of phenomenological-morphological movement theory. As a result of the review, the following technical points came to light: 1) To uplift the body in the backward-obliquely upward direction in accordance with the rotation of the wheel and upward movement of the body in the rising aspect at the preparatory stage.2) To cahnge the movement appropriately in the main aspect by feeling the rotational speed of the wheel and position and posture of his/her own body in the rising and main aspect at the preparatory stage.

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic knowledge which was necessary for the coaching on the exercise using a Large-sized ball through the following two tasks.1) The deformation of each a Large-sized ball was measured and compared when an adult man performed static and dynamic exercise tasks on 7 kinds of a Large-sized balls.2) By using the characteristic a Large-sized balls that exhibited the largest and the smallest deformation, 10 adults performed the same exercise tasks on them; their inner reflection was compared.The result of the investigation was as follows.The deformation rate of each a Large-sized ball when static-weight exercise tasks were performed on it was different according to its kind. The smallest deformation rate was 10.5% and the largest deformation rate was 23.5%. In the case of the a Large-sized ball that exhibited the largest deformation rate, the part which touched the body of the performer sank and the position of the center of gravity of the performer was low, which tended to make it easier to perform the task.On the other hand, the deformation rate of each a Large-sized ball when dynamic-weight exercise tasks were performed on it was also different according to its kind. The smallest deformation rate was 16.4% and the largest deformation rate was 28.8%.70% of the subjects (7 persons) replied that they could perform the tasks "comfortably" on the a Large-sized ball which exhibited the smallest deformation rate, which showed the tendency that the material characteristics of elasticity of the ball could be utilized preferably.