Computational fluid dynamics simulation is useful for precise evaluation of hemodynamics related to bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy. Such evaluation will advance our understanding of the disease pathophysiology and may facilitate molecular biological investigation.

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Although preoperative cognitive decline and patients' age were the risk factors for early postoperative cognitive impairment after CVS, a significant recovery can be expected even in elderly patients or patients with low preoperative cognitive function by the time of discharge.

Physiological changes after endovascular treatment should be considered including effect on vascular stiffness. Endoskeleton stent graft may provide aneurysm repair with minimum effect in PWV after surgery.