No abstract

Background: The importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) co-testing using physician-, self-, and urine-collected samples to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1–2 prognoses has not been previously reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of patients with CIN 1–2 who simultaneously underwent physician-, self-, and urine-collection sampling tests. Methods: This study was conducted in Japan between October 2019 and November 2022 and examined the proportion of cases with CIN 1–2 progressions, the percentage of cases with persistent CIN 1–2, and the outcome differences according to the results of physician-, self-, and urine sampling tests. Results: There were 105 and 59 CIN 1 and 2 cases, with progression or persistence in 27 (29.3%) and 21 (50.0%) cases, respectively. The median follow-up was 20 and 12 months, respectively. Progression and persistence of CIN 1 were significantly associated with HPV-positive physician- and self-collection samples. No significant difference was observed between cases with CIN 2 who had HPV-positive and HPV-negative results using any sampling method. Conclusions: Physician- and self-testing for HPV are crucial for predicting disease progression risk in CIN 1 cases. Future research with an extended observation period and consideration of the progression risks is warranted.