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We discovered the chirality of charge density waves (CDW) in 1T-TiSe 2 by using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and optical ellipsometry. We found that the CDW intensity becomes Ia 1 : Ia 2 : Ia 3 = 1 : 0.7 ± 0.1 : 0.5 ± 0.1, where Ia i (i =1, 2, 3) is the amplitude of the tunnelling current contributed by the CDWs. There were two states, in which the three intensity peaks of the CDW decrease clockwise and anticlockwise when we index each nesting vector in order of intensity in the Fourier transformation of the STM images. The chirality in CDW results in the three-fold symmetry breaking. Macroscopically, two-fold symmetry was indeed observed in optical measurement. We propose the new generalized CDW chirality H CDW ≡ q 1 · (q 2 × q 3 ), where q i are the nesting vectors, which is independent of the symmetry of components. The nonzero H CDW -the triple-q vectors do not exist in an identical plane in the reciprocal space -should induce a real-space chirality in CDW system.

We investigate a slowly rotating black hole in four-dimensional extended Chern-Simons modified gravity. We obtain an approximate solution that reduces to the Kerr solution when a coupling constant vanishes. The Chern-Simons correction effectively reduces the frame-dragging effect around a black hole in comparison with that of the Kerr solution. * )

Laser ablation of Ta plates using nanosecond optical vortex pulses was carried out, for the first time. It was suggested that owing to orbital angular momentum of optical vortex, clearer and smoother processed surfaces were obtained with less ablation threshold fluence, in comparison with the ablation by a nonvortex annular beam modified from a spatially Gaussian beam. 8185-8189 (1992). 14. M. Padgett, J. Courtial, and L. Allen, "Light's orbital angular momentum," Phys. Today 57(5), 35-40 (2004). 15. M. S. Soskin, and M. ©2010 Optical Society of America

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