Th17 levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes do not change during normal pregnancy.

Intracellular electrical activity was recorded from smooth muscle tissues of the mouse proximal colon, and the impaled cells were visualized by injection of neurobiotin. Slow potentials with initial fast and subsequent plateau components (plateau potentials), generated at a frequency of 14.8 min−1, were recorded from oval‐shaped cells with bipolar processes. Periodic bursts of spike potentials (4.6 min−1) and bursts of oscillatory potentials (4.3 min−1) were recorded in circular and longitudinal smooth muscle cells, respectively. Nifedipine (0.1 μm) abolished the bursts of spike and oscillatory potentials and reduced the duration of plateau potentials. The plateau potentials were abolished by 1 μm nifedipine. The plateau potentials were also abolished by cyclopiazonic acid (an inhibitor of Ca2+ uptake into internal stores) or 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (an inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor‐mediated Ca2+ release), and were inhibited by bis‐(aminophenoxy) ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (a chelator of intracellular Ca2+). Carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (a mitochondrial protonophore) abolished plateau potentials, and its action was not mimicked by oligomycin (an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase). It is concluded that in mouse proximal colon, submucosal c‐kit‐positive bipolar cells spontaneously generate plateau potentials with rhythms different from those generated by smooth muscle cells. The plateau potentials are generated through activation of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, which are coupled to the release of Ca2+ from the internal stores and the handling of Ca2+ in mitochondria.

Although RF did not correlate with histological implant-bone contact, the present results demonstrated that a connection between the implant and bone at the neck region of the implant affects RF the most effectively, further suggesting the superiority of RFA in the process of implant treatment and the follow-up. The present results could explain the discrepancy between RFA and other parameters of implant stability.

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