Food-based components represent major sources of functional bioactive compounds. Milk is a rich source of multiple bioactive peptides that not only help to fulfill consumers ‘nutritional requirements but also play a significant role in preventing several health disorders. Understanding the chemical composition of milk and its products is critical for producing consistent and high-quality dairy products and functional dairy ingredients. Over the last two decades, peptides have gained significant attention by scientific evidence for its beneficial health impacts besides their established nutrient value. Increasing awareness of essential milk proteins has facilitated the development of novel milk protein products that are progressively required for nutritional benefits. The need to better understand the beneficial effects of milk-protein derived peptides has, therefore, led to the development of analytical approaches for the isolation, separation and identification of bioactive peptides in complex dairy products. Continuous emphasis is on the biological function and nutritional characteristics of milk constituents using several powerful techniques, namely omics, model cell lines, gut microbiome analysis and imaging techniques. This review briefly describes the state-of-the-art approach of peptidomics and lipidomics profiling approaches for the identification and detection of milk-derived bioactive peptides while taking into account recent progress in their analysis and emphasizing the difficulty of analysis of these functional and endogenous peptides.

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Cellulose is one of the most desirable materials with no exceptions. In recent years, considerable work on nanocellulose-based polymer composites has played a significant role in the production of sustainable and efficient materials. Different kinds of nanocelluloses, derived from bottom-up strategy (bacterial celluloses) to top-down strategy (cellulose nanofiber and nanocrystal), are probably suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. The form of a nanomaterial, as well as the choice of the polymer matrix, is indeed crucial for producing well-defined nanocomposites from a polymer-fill-compatible viewpoint for the desirable reinforcement and precise application. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) are some of the nanocellulosic materials to produce the polymer-based nanocomposites. Because of several important properties such as biocompatibility, CNCs have attracted great attention from polymer researchers as strengtheners of nanocomposite fillers. Their preparation is quite challenging because of its extensive formulation, which may lack in compatibility with the polymer. This problem might be averted via several covalent and noncovalent interactions. The main focus is on melting processes and a brief discussion on their synthesis and properties that have not yet been accurately processed and continued to be a challenge. This chapter will provide a general guide for the design and use of nanocellulose properties and the development of functional polymers for polymer/nanocellulose compounds to pave the way for different interactions between polymer and fillers via different processing methods.