Background and Objectives Almost all countries are faced with increasing health care costs due to demographic changes, evolving disease, and new technologies. 1 The average cost of health care around the globe increased from 6.56% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1995 to 7.

Given the growing importance and role of drugs in the treatment of diseases, as well as replacement of them rather than expensive and often unsafe procedures, study of socioeconomicfactors affecting future demand for them seems necessary. we seek to examine the extent of to which socioeconomic factors affect specialty medicine use by the patients.using data from questionnaires completed by 280 patients with multiple sclerosis, hemophilia, thalassemia, and chronic kidney disease, we estimate marginal effect of significant variables in probitmodel. We found that the need for the patient(ME=0.858), deterioration of the patient (ME=-0.001), household size (ME =0.0004), House Ownership (ME=-0.002), gender (ME=-0.04), income (ME=-0.0007), education (ME=-0.0021) and job (ME=-0.0021) are significant variables affecting demand for specialty drugs. We conclude that it can be programmed to promote and protect the welfare of patients by specific factors such as income, and largely affect the demand of medication and medical services. Therefore economic aid to these patients should not be limited only to medical subsidies, especially in patients with MS, income and welfare can reduce drug demand.

Aim The purpose of this research was to identify the perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and Post‐Traumatic‐Growth (PTG) among Iranian healthcare professionals. Design A cross‐sectional study was applied. Methods This study was conducted among 402 healthcare professionals in northwestern Iran. Participants completed demographic, perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and PTG questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify the predictors of perceived stress and PTG. Results The overall score of perceived stress was calculated 30.55 (6.18). The problem‐oriented strategy was the most common stress coping by healthcare professionals (52.66 (8.72)). Also, the total score of PTG was calculated at 45.72 (30.42). Perceived stress, stress coping strategies (except problem‐oriented), and PTG scores were significantly different between hospital and health centres participants (p‐value < 0.05). Previous experience in critical situations, crisis‐related course, degree, age, department, and stress coping strategies were related to the stress level. Moreover, workplace, department, work experiences, and employment status were the predictors of PTG.

He is experienced in research related to health economics. His research has been concentrated on national health accounts and econometric modelling of health sector.