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To determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) from different domestic animals for serogrouping, virulence factors and their antibiotic resistance from Jammu region. Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from 200 different animals including calves (39), rabbits (24), dogs (38), slaughtered pigs (22), poultry (41), sheep and goat (36). All the 200 strains were screened for the presence of stx1, stx2 and eae genes by m-PCR and screening of confirmed EPEC isolates with respect to their serogroup, virulence factors (bfpA, astA and ecpA genes) by PCR and antibiotic resistance. Results: Of total 200 E. coli isolates, 38 (19.00%) were detected as EPEC and 28 (14.00%) as STEC. 5 (12.82%), 17 (43.58%) isolates from calves and 12 (33.33%), 11 (30.55%) isolates from sheep were found as EPEC and STEC, respectively. In rabbits, pigs and dogs, 6 (25.0%), 10 (45.45%) and 5 (13.15%) isolates were detected as EPEC, respectively. The most predominant EPEC serogroups were O88 (36.84%), O118 (18.42%). All 38 EPEC (100%) isolates carried ecpA gene and 18 (47.36%) isolates carried astA gene. Of 38 EPEC, only 5 (13.15%) isolates from dog carried bfpA gene, therefore considered as typical EPEC and 33 (86.84%) isolates were designated as atypical EPEC. Antimicrobial sensitivity test (AST) of 38 EPEC isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid (55.26%), kanamycin (42.10%) followed by streptomycin (42.10%), doxycycline hydrochloride (28.94%), ciprofloxacin (13.15%), tetracycline (13.15%). Surprisingly, all the 38 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin.

Aspergillosis is a non-contagious respiratory disease caused by fungal species known as aspergillus affecting chickens, ducks, turkey and many other bird species. Mainly seen in 7-40 days old birds. Aspergillus fumigatus is the main cause of this disease. Infection occurs through inhalation of spores, typically from contaminated litter or other contaminations in hatchery. After inhalation spores mainly penetrate the respiratory system causing granulomas. Itraconazole is one of these drugs that can be used to treat the disease.Prevention is best method of controlling this disease as treatment is not effective. Adequate managemental practices such as sanitation, disinfection and ventilation must be adopted. Handling infected birds and animals, inhaling spores from infected feed and litter, poor sanitation and hygiene, and eating undercooked contaminated poultry are all ways for it to spread to humans.

The spore-forming bacterium Clostridium piliforme, formerly known as Bacillus piliformis, is the source of Tyzzer's disease, an acute epizootic bacterial illness that is characterised by focal necrotic lesions on the liver and heart and segmental necrosis of the caecal mucosa. Young, well-fed animals, especially those given high-protein diets, are the animals most commonly affected by the disease. A Gram-negative, obligatory intracellular bacteria with varied shape in tissue sections, Clostridium piliforme. Production of exotoxin by bacteria leads to necrosis of intestinal epithelium. Bacteria can be returned to the lumen by being deposited there, or they can occasionally penetrate farther into the intestinal wall, where they can infect smooth muscle cells or enter the portal circulation. Bacteria from the portal vein may infect the heart and/or liver. Mortality is highest at weaning age in rabbits. Tyzzer's illness in mice can cause perianal discoloration, diarrhoea, and temporary appearances of being skinny and unclean. Additionally, sudden deaths without warning symptoms are possible. In rabbits there is watery diarrhoea leading to staining of hindquarter, lethargy and anorexia. Mortality occurred in weanling rabbits. In adult rabbits wasting disease is very common.

Cropping, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry, and other agricultural enterprises that are integrated have significant potential in the agricultural sector. These enterprises not only assist farmers supplement their income, but they also serve to increase family's labour employment. The integrated farming system strategy changes agricultural techniques for maximum productivity in the cropping pattern while also ensuring optimal resource utilisation.