Objective: Aim of this study is to assess the usefulness and accuracy of high frequency real time ultrasound using non dedicated all purpose scanner to detect and characterise posterior chamber and extraocular pathologies in trauma and non-traumatic eye and to establish etiology of proptosis. Material & Method: A total number of 138 cases (145 eyes) were included in the study. Ultrasound evaluation of eyes with diagnosed or suspected posterior segment pathology, cases of trauma, suspected or diagnosed intraocular tumors / extraocular pathologies and cases presenting with proptosis. Patients lost to follow up and eyes with normal scan were excluded. Supplementary investigation (CT, MRI) done where ever needed. The findings of B-scan then correlated with the ophthalmoscopic/ surgical findings/histology/follow up after treatment. Results: Distinction between intra and extra-ocular pathologies was 100%. The commonest posterior segment pathology in non traumatic eyes was retinal detachment and in traumatic eye was vitreous haemorrhage with diagnostic accuracy of 98.9% and 97.9% respectively. Retinoblastoma and pseudotumor (15%) were the commonest intra and extraocular mass lesions respectively. Accuracy in localization of foreign bodies and dislocated lens, in diagnosing retinoblastoma, in diagnosis and characterization of thyroid orbitopathy, cavernous hemangioma, tumors, cellulitis, dermoids, cysticercosis and intraorbital cysts was excellent. "Triple wall" sign is typical for intraorbital hydatid cyst. Conclusion: B-mode real time ultrasound using non-dedicated all purpose high frequency transducer provides nonionizing, cost effective, non-invasive technique with excellent image quality and high accuracy for diagnosis and assessment of posterior segment and extraocular pathologies.

Objective: To determine the best predictor of fetal hypoxia amongst the color Doppler indices resistivity index(RI), pulsality index(PI) and systolic/ diastolic (S/D) ration of umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery(MCA), descending abdominal aorta (DAA), MCA/UA PI ratio and abnormal flow pattern, absent end diastolic flow/reverse end diastolic flow (AEDF/REDF) in umbilical artery and descending abdominal aorta, in prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in normal and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) fetuses with or without pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Material and Method: 100 women with normal Singleton pregnancies and 100 women with IUGR with or without PIH or both were prospectively examined with Doppler Ultrasonography of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery & descending abdominal aorta and perinatal outcomes was evaluated in relation to their indices and compared with each other. Observation: In study group sixty four fetuses (64%) had one major or minor adverse perinatal outcome in comparison to control group which had only 6% adverse perinatal outcome. In study group premature delivery was 46%, lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) was 38%, and perinatal death was 22%. Fetuses with absent end diastolic flow/reverse end diastolic flow (AEDF/REDF) in umbilical artery and descending abdominal aorta had 100% perinatal mortality. Conclusion: Umbilical artery SD Ratio (cut off ≥3), middle cerebral artery / umbilical artery PI < 1.08, AEDF / REDF abnormal flow pattern in umbilical artery and descending abdominal aorta were found to be the best Doppler indices for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in women with PIH and IUGR.