Wild femaleAedes aegyptiandAe.albopictuswere allowed to lay eggs in (i) ovitraps with different concentrations of NaCl, (ii) different coloured ovistrips, (iii) water from different sources, (iv) larva holding water, and different sized ovitraps for oviposition preference. Oviposition cycle was also studied in different photoperiod regimens. The number of eggs laid was observed to gradually decrease with increase in NaCl concentration in both the species. Experiments were conducted to determine egg laying preference for any specific colour of the ovistrip and black ovistrip was found to be most preferred by both the species. For oviposition preference, eight water samples collected from different sources were used and it was observed that the maximum number of eggs was laid in ovitraps containing distilled water followed by tap water. In addition,Aedesmosquitoes laid more number of eggs in ovitraps containing larval holding water than ovitraps containing distilled water. Further, both the species did not lay any egg in the smallest used ovitrap although the number of eggs was maximally deposited in the largest ovitrap used. In the present studies, both theAedesspecies laid the maximum number of eggs in the 4th quarter of the light period with normal 12 h light and dark phases (LD 12 : 12).

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In spite of its applications in macromanufacturing processes, water jet processing has not been extensively applied to the field of micromanufacturing owing to its poor tolerance and lack of effective control of the jet impingement position. This paper investigates the phenomenon of liquid dielectrophoresis (LDEP) using a localized nonuniform static electric field to deflect and control the jet's trajectory at the microscale for a water jet in air. A new analytical modeling approach has been attempted by representing the stable length of a water jet as a deformable solid dielectric beam to solve for the deflection of the jet under the action of the electric field. This method bypasses the complicated flow analysis of the water jet in air and focuses specially on the effect of the electric field on the trajectory of a laminar water jet within the working length. The numerical analysis of the phenomena for this electrode configuration was carried out using comsol. Preliminary proof-of-concept experiments were conducted on a 350 μm diameter sized water jet flowing at 0.6 m/s using a pin plate electrode configuration where a deflection of around 10 deg was observed at 2000 V. The results from the simulation are in good agreement with the results obtained in the preliminary experiments. This novel approach of modeling the water jet as a deformable dielectric beam might be useful in numerous applications involving precise control of the water jet's trajectory particularly in microwater jet material processing.

Background: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are still a therapeutic problem. Despite numerous proposed therapies reported in the literature, the management of keloid and hypertrophic scars is still challenging as there is no universally accepted treatment regimen. Compare the efficacy intralesional verapamil hydrochloride and triamcinolone acetonide separately as well as combination of both drug in treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at the general surgery department (plastic surgery unit) at the JNUIMSRC Jaipur, Rajasthan. Total of 150 patients (60 males and 90 females) between 18 to 60 years of age were enrolled fulfilling the inclusion criteria. They were randomly categorized in to three groups (group A, B and C), based on treatment they received viz. verapamil alone, triamcinolone alone and combination of both drugs respectively. Assessment of the scars were done prior to or on the day of the first injection and at 24 weeks after the end of injection scheme by Vancouver scar scale (VSS). The decreasing values reflected clinical improvement of the scar.Results: Better improvement observed in all four parameters: height, vascularity, pliability and pigmentation among patients receiving combination of both triamcinolone-verapamil drugs as compare to those patients receiving drugs separately either verapamil or triamcinolone alone. For parameters height, pliability and pigmentation, the improvement was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05)Conclusions: Study highlights that the combined verapamil and triamcinolone therapy scheme causes remarkable scar improvement in keloid and hypertrophic scars in comparison to single drug scheme.

The current study was conducted in 3 districts of West Bengal, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states for rural occupational migration post COVID in 2022. Approximately 58% of our country’s demographic dividend is associated with agriculture as their primary source of income. However, due to changing global trends caused by urbanisation, the rural population is more likely to shift their focus to other sources of income. For the first time in Post-independence India, there was an absolute decline in agricultural employment (23.7 million) between 2004‒2005 and 2009‒2010, with 22.5 million being unpaid family workers. So, the current study was undertaken to analyze the extent and pattern of migration in the rural households in three coastal states of India using ex post facto research design with a multi stage random sampling technique. This paper has deduced the pattern observed among the migrated respondents of Purba Medinipur, Bhogarai and Sompeta districts of the 3 states in terms of gender, income, time period, social participation and type of occupation undertaken. This may not have an immediate impact, but it may have long-term consequences in the form of consumable goods for future generations. Certainly, government should come up with new policies formulations made by focusing such pattern in order to stop the people from migration and engage them in agricultural and allied activities with help of extension personals through effective training and awareness programs.