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Introduction: The tremendous growth in telecommunication world has increased the number of mobile phone users to many folds. The benefits of cell phones are just half the picture. The other half may be a darker one. The main aim of this study is to observe the effect of electromagnetic radiation being emitted by mobile phones on adrenal gland microanatomy and the hormones released by the gland on male albino rats. Materials and methods: Forty-two male albino rats of Spargue-Dawley species were divided into two equal groups. The experimental group rats were exposed to mobile phone radiation operating at 900 MHz while the control group rats were not. At the end of every two months, seven rats were sacrificed to analyse histological and hormonal changes. Results: No changes were seen at the cellular level of the adrenal glands even after six months of radiation exposure. Hormonal assay showed a variation in the cortisol levels of the rats but the changes were within normal range. Conclusions: Lack of appreciable changes in the cellular morphology and hormonal levels even after six months of radiation exposure signify that the adrenal glands are not affected by exposure to mobile phones.

Introduction: Microorganisms can colonize the surfaces of cadavers and may pose health hazards to the students and the staff handling them. The objective of the study was to study the spectrum of bacteria and fungi colonizing the surfaces of cadavers and to determine the need to follow infection control protocols during their handling. Materials and methods: A total of 100 swabs were collected from superficial and deep surfaces of the cadavers and its surroundings. The swabs were cultured on blood agar and Mac Conkey’s agar plates for isolation of bacterial species and Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA) slants for isolation of fungal species. Identification of the bacterial and fungal isolates was done using standard bacteriological and mycological methods respectively. Results: Overall culture positivity rate was 78%. There was predominance of isolation of bacterial species (50%). Escherichia coli and Coagulase negative Staphylococci [CoNS] (23.07 % each) were the predominant bacteria isolated and Aspergillus species (37.50%) was the predominant fungus isolated from human cadavers. Conclusions: Various bacteria and fungi colonized the surface of cadavers. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for practicing “Standard infection control protocols” in the dissection hall while handling the cadavers.

Examination of the placenta after the third stage of labour, is something oft mentioned in textbooks but often neglected in the clinical setting. Placental examination can give the clinician important insights as to events and exposures the fetus has been subjected to in -utero.Aims & Objectives: To assess the incidence of anomalies observed in term placentae and umbilical cords of parturients in a teaching hospital. Design: We collected term placentae from parturients in the labour ward, and subjected them to a thorough gross examination with a view to pick up anomalies. We subjected the umbilical cord to histologic examination in cases where an anomaly in the cord was detected on gross examination. Participants: Placentae of 92 term parturients. Setting: Anatomy department of a Medical College in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. Main Outcome Measure: To report the incidence of placental and cord anomalies. Results: We found 1 succenturiate lobe of placenta, one dilated umbilical vein, one case of single umbilical artery and 2 velamentous insertions of the umbilical cord (both as one of the two in a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy). Conclusion: Anomalies of the placenta and umbilical cord were observed in 5.43% of parturients. Our study emphasises the importance of careful observation of the umbilical cord and placenta after delivery.