No abstract

Spirulina, is a simple extract of blue-green algae, which is now used worldwide as a food product and as a dietary supplement. It contains, essential amino acids, lipids, vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants and can be considered as a wholesome food supplement. Spirulina contains, approximately, 65% to 71% protein by dry weight and is claimed to be non toxic nutritious food with exceptional properties. A large amount of scientific literature available about Spirulina and its usage in treatment of child malnutrition, nutrition rehabilitation of HIV-infected, cancer patients, hepato-protective effects etc. However, there is no specific review available which gives more emphasis on the protein and energy content and its effects. In the present work, we reviewed several papers and reports and paid more attention on protein content, which is the major constituent of Spirulina and its effect on various disease conditions and possibility of using Spirulina in combating against Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and Protein Energy Wasting (PEW). This work is of certain significance for nutritionists, doctors and public health workers involved in combating malnutrition. The risks involved and optimal intake level for humans and animals are discussed in detail. Keywords: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM):Protein Energy Wasting (PEW):Spirulina¸ Toxicity.

Study area:-The Sohar is a port city of Sultanate of Oman. The GPS coordinates for Sohar are latitude 24.3461° N and longitude 56.7075° E. The Sohar is a free economic zone with good number of industries. The population of Sohar is 2.2 million. The average consumption of water is 350 liters per day. The wastewater generated is nearly 80% of water consumption. The wastewater generated is 280 L/per capita/day. The total wastewater generated per day is 2.2 x10 6 x 280= 616,000 m 3. The study area was shown in fig 1.

The steel industries generate a high volume of solid waste each year. The disposal of solid waste is a Hercules task for steel industry management. The solid waste contains heavy metals like iron, chromium, lead, zinc and toxic chemical compounds. The solid waste disposal contributes for ground water pollution and soil pollution. The steel industry solid waste contains a high percentage of iron oxide more than 12%. The aim of this project is to convert steel industry solid waste into a red oxide primer. The solid waste samples are collected from a local steel industry. The samples are crushed and passed through a 53 micron mesh to get fine powder. The powder is mixed with Long oil alkyd, calcium carbonate and Butanol. The mixture mixed intensively by the help of a wet grinder until it gets adhering properties and become as a primer. The adhesive properties of the primer is tested by painting on a metal surface and after drying the primer on the metal surface and tested by the peeling method to check the strength of the primer. The primer viscosity modified by adding turpentine oil. The red oxide primer used as a dielectric or pre-coating on iron structure. It was observed that the red oxide produced by using steel industry solid waste is at par with commercially available red-oxide primer. The red oxide primer production from the steel industry sludge is technically feasible and economically viable.