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The objective of this study is to compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block with respect to onset, duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 90 ASA grade I and II patients of either sex, aged 18-60 yrs. scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were divided into 3 equal groups in a randomized fashion. Group L (n=30) received 1 mL NS, group LC (=30) received 1 mL (150 g) clonidine and group LD (n=30) received 1 mL (100 g) dexmedetomidine added to 30 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine. Onset and recovery time of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia and quality of block were studied in all three groups. RESULTS Onset time of sensory and motor blockade was 12.43±2.56 min and 17.96±3.05 min respectively in group L, 9.03±1.60 min and 15.00±2.40 min respectively in group LC and 8.13±2.51 min and 12.13±2.89 min respectively in group LD. Duration of sensory and motor blockade was 660.16±44.28 min and 535.33±50.66 min respectively in group L, 880.16±55.48 min and 771.83±54.19 min respectively in group LC and 930.66±48.02 min and 811.83±52.08 min respectively in group LD. Time of rescue analgesia was 728.86±45.12 min in group L, 1013.5±59.01 min in group LC and 1159.8±56.8 min in group LD (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine when added to LA in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade and also the time for rescue analgesia as compared to clonidine. Dexmedetomidine also enhances quality of block (LD>LC>C).

Multiple modalities represent different aspects by which information is conveyed by a data source. Modern day social media platforms are one of the primary sources of multimodal data, where users use different modes of expression by posting textual as well as multimedia content such as images and videos for sharing information. Multimodal information embedded in such posts could be useful in predicting their popularity. To the best of our knowledge, no such multimodal dataset exists for the prediction of social media photos. In this work, we propose a multimodal dataset consisiting of content, context, and social information for popularity prediction. Specifically, we augment the SMP-T1 dataset for social media prediction in ACM Multimedia grand challenge 2017 with image content, titles, descriptions, and tags. Next, in this paper, we propose a multimodal approach which exploits visual features (i.e., content information), textual features (i.e., contextual information), and social features (e.g., average views and group counts) to predict popularity of social media photos in terms of view counts. Experimental results confirm that despite our multimodal approach uses the half of the training dataset from SMP-T1, it achieves comparable performance with that of state-of-the-art.

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efcacy of duloxetine in different doses in postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. MATERIALAND METHOD: 80 patients of ASA grade І & ІІ of either sex scheduled for lumbar spine surgery under general anaesthesia were divided into 2 groups (n=40 each) randomly.Group D (n=40) Patients who received a 60 mg duloxetine 1 hour before surgery and another tablet the following morning. Group 'P'(n=40) Patients who received a placebo tablet 1 hour before surgery and again the following morning. Pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and severity of pain on NRS scale was noted at 0 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, 16 hr, 20 hr, 24 hr, 28 hr, 32 hr and 48 hr after surgery. And the presence or absence of adverse effects, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and drowsiness were noted. RESULT: Analysis revealed that time for rst analgesic requirement was signicantly longer with oral Duloxetine 60 mg than with placebo. Pre-emptive oral Duloxetine 60 mg decreases the severity of pain postoperatively but not signicantly as compared to placebo in patients posted for lumbar spine surgery under general anaesthesia. Oral Duloxetine 60 mg had no signicant effect on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Patients receiving duloxetine had higher incidence of nausea, vomiting. CONCLUSION:that time for rst analgesic requirement was signicantly longer with oral Duloxetine 60 mg than placebo.