The physicochemical properties, fatty acid, tocopherol, thermal properties, (1)H NMR, FTIR and profiles of non-conventional oil extracted from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seeds were evaluated and compared with conventional sunflower seed oil. In addition, the antioxidant properties of C. colocynthis seed oil were also evaluated. The oil content of the C. colocynthis seeds was 23.16%. The main fatty acids in the oil were linoleic acid (66.73%) followed by oleic acid (14.78%), palmitic acid (9.74%), and stearic acid (7.37%). The tocopherol content was 121.85 mg/100g with γ-tocopherol as the major one (95.49%). The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the oil was thermally stable up to 286.57°C, and then began to decompose in four stages namely at 377.4°C, 408.4°C, 434.9°C and 559.2°C. The present study showed that this non-conventional C. colocynthis seed oil can be used for food and non-food applications to supplement or replace some of the conventional oils.
Au(I)/Au(III) catalytic cycles are catalytically competent
to perform
the oxidative coupling of alkynes in the homogeneous phase at room
temperature and without any protecting atmosphere. Selectfluor as
oxidant, wet acetonitrile as solvent, and sodium carbonate as base
are the reagents of choice. Both aromatic and alkyl alkynes can be
coupled, and mechanistic studies reveal that at least two gold species
having different oxidation states are implicated in the key step of
the coupling.
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