Background and objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most widespread human malignancies. The aim of this study was to study trends of the incidence of CRC in Kazakhstan. Materials and Method: This retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results: During the study period from 2009 to 2018, 28,950 new cases of CRC were recorded, 13,779 (47.6%) cases were allocated to men and 15,171 (52.4%) to women. It was found that the incidence rate of CRC increased from 14.79 (2009) to 17.72 in 2018 and the overall growth was 2.93 cases per 100,000. This increase was due to the age structure -∑Δ A =+1.42, the risk of acquiring illness -∑Δ R =+1.31, and their combined effect -∑Δ RA =+0.20. The component analysis results revealed that the increase in the number of patients with CRC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+37.7%), changes in age structure (Δ A =+26.6%), and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (Δ R =+24.6%). The number of patients (both sexes) was increasing in many regions largely due to the influence of the age structure of the population. In addition, it was found that growth in the number of patients in most regions, both men and women, was associated primarily with the risk of acquiring illness. Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed increasing trends in the incidence of CRC in all regions of the country. These changes were mainly influenced by demographic factors (population size and age structure), risk of acquiring the disease, and their combined effect.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing incidence worldwide and widespread in industrialized countries, while the incidence is also increasing in Asia and the Middle East. Purpose of the study. To study the epidemiological aspects of the incidence of CD in Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The study for 2013-2018, analyzed the registration and reporting forms of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on new cases of CD (ICD: K50) using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics. Results. During the study period, 4,671 new cases of CD were registered in Kazakhstan, of which 341 (7.9%) in children under 15 years old, 84 (2.0%) in adolescents (15-17 years old) and adults (18 years old and older) – 4,226 cases (90.9%). The incidence of CD in Kazakhstan was 4.5 per 100,000 of the total population, while in children – 1.210/0000 (95% CI=1.09-1.32), in adolescents – 2.120/0000 (95% CI=1.47-2.77) and the adult population – 5.860/0000 (95% CI=3.20-8.53). The trends in the CD incidence as a whole in the entire population had a pronounced tendency to decrease (Тde=−30.3%), a slight increase was observed only in the child population (Тin=+1.1%), and in other studied groups they decreased: in adolescents – Тde=−11.9% and in the adult population – Тde=−33.8%. Conclusion. The study has revealed some aspects of incidence in different age groups and the established trends require further study of this pathology. Keywords: Crohn's disease, incidence, trends, Kazakhstan.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most wide spread malignant tumor of the endocrine glands. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 586,200 new cases of TC were registered in the world in 2020. However spatial arrangement of this disease indicates a different distribution of this pathology all over the world. The aim to assess the peculiarities of the incidence of TC in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The study was retrospective – the study period was 10 years (2009-2018). The material for the study was data of new cases of TC. In the research were used descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. Results and discussion. We found out that the average age of patients with TC in women (51.8±0.2 years) were less than in men (53.2±0.5 years). The crude rate and standardized incidence rates in women (5.4±0.40/0000 and 5.1±0.370/0000, respectively) were higher than in men (0.9±0.10/0000 and 1.1±0.10/0000, respectively). Age-related indicators of the incidence of TC were characterized by a peak in 60-69 years – 4.21±0.200/0000 in men and 15.37±1.210/0000 in women. Trends in morbidity tended to increase in both women (Tg=+7.8%) and men (Tg=+5.0%). Conclusion: Age and gender features of TC incidence were established in the whole country. The obtained data are recommended for use in planning anti-cancer activities. Key words: thyroid cancer, incidence, Kazakhstan.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of an immune nature with frequent localization in the large intestine. A pattern is noted that in the northern and western continents they suffer more often than in Asia. To identify risk factors in a population, epidemiological studies must firstly assess the incidence of disease. Aim. To study the trends of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC) incidence in Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The research material was compiled summary reporting form number 12 of the Ministries and the Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan on new cases of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (ICD-10 – K51), established for the first time. A retrospective study was used as the main method for studying the incidence of NUC. According to generally accepted methods of biomedical statistics, extensive, intensive and equalized indicators of the incidence of NUC were calculated. Results and discussion. For 2013-2018 14,079 new cases of NUC were registered in the republic, of which 15 were in children – 15.3%, teenagers – 4.8% and adults – 79.8%. The average annual incidence rate of NUC in the entire population of Kazakhstan was 13.5±2.10/0000 (95% CI=9.4-17.50/0000), and for population groups having been studied was: in children – 7.2±2.10/0000 (95%CI=3.8-12.00/0000), among teenagers – 18.7±5.00/0000 (95% CI=9.0-28.50/0000) and the adult population 15.4±1.90/0000 (95% CI=11.8-19.10/0000). The difference in morbidity between groups was statistically significant. Disease tended to decrease in all age groups: in the adult population (Т=−12.3%), children (Т=−43.7%) and in adolescents (T=-50.1%). Conclusion. According to the dynamics, NUC incidence in Kazakhstan has a decreased tendency due to the child and adolescent population. The results obtained are recommended to be taken into account by health authorities when making managerial decisions. Keywords: nonspecific ulcerative colitis, morbidity, trends, Kazakhstan.