The archaeological record shows that turquoise was widely mined and highly valued by pre-Hispanic societies in the southwestern United States, and it has long been assumed that much of the turquoise noted in ancient Mesoamerica was traded from this region. However, little is understood about the acquisition and exchange of turquoise by Native American societies because the geological sources of most turquoise artifacts from archaeological sites in the southwestern U.S. and Mexico are not known. We evaluate the potential for Pb and Sr isotopic ratios to indicate the geological provenance of turquoise artifacts recovered from these regions. Pb and Sr isotopic measurements were made on 137 geological samples of turquoise from 19 mining districts across the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. These data reveal that isotopic signatures of turquoise deposits vary geographically according to regional and local differences in the geologic settings of turquoise mineralization. As an archaeological case study, we also report Pb and Sr isotopic data on 10 turquoise artifacts recovered from three late pre-Hispanic (ca. A.D. 1250-1400) ancestral Zuni sites located in the El Morro Valley of western New Mexico. These have isotopic signatures uniquely consistent with the turquoise deposits of the Cerrillos Hills, a location identified in Zuni traditional history as an ancient source of turquoise. These data thus establish Pb and Sr isotopic measurements as powerful tools for determining the sources of turquoise artifacts and provide a new framework for evaluating the role of turquoise in pre-Hispanic exchange networks across North America.

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The toponyms of Hopitutskwa ("Hopi land") explicate Hopi history and culture. Place-names mark sacred locations, landforms associated with deities and historical events, springs, trails, and "footprints" of ancestral villages, petroglyphs, and other archaeological sites. The National Science Foundation funded a collaborative project to document the Hopi language by recording toponyms and associated narratives. Interviews with 15 Hopi individuals produced linguistic and ethnocartographic records of 282 place-names. Audio and video recordings preserve the vocalization of place-names pronounced in Hopi as well as their use in a larger Hopi language contextualization. The variety and distribution of toponyms discussed during interviews demonstrates how Hopis remember, interact with, and honor their land. [Hopi, Hopitutskwa, Hopi language, landscape, toponyms] RESUMEN El topónimo de Hopitutskwa ("tierra de los hopi") explica la historia y cultura de los hopi. Los nombres de lugares marcan localizaciones sagradas, accidentes geográficos asociados con deidades y eventos históricos, manantiales, sendas, y "huellas" de pueblos ancestrales, petroglifos, y otros sitios arqueológicos. La Fundación Nacional de Ciencias financió un proyecto colaborativo para documentar el idioma hopi por medio de la grabación de topónimos y narrativas asociadas. Entrevistas con 15 individuos hopi produjeron registros lingüísticos y etnográficos de 282 nombres de lugares. Audio-video grabaciones preservan la vocalización de los nombres de los lugares pronunciados en hopi así como su uso en una contextualización más amplia del idioma hopi. La variedad y distribución de topónimos discutidos en las entrevistas demuestran como los hopis recuerdan, interactúan con, y honran su tierra. [Hopi, Hopitutskwa, idioma hopi, paisaje, topónimos]

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published by University press of colorado 5589 arapahoe avenue, suite 206c boulder, colorado 80303 all rights reserved printed in the United states of americaThe University press of colorado is a proud member of The association of american University presses.The University press of colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by adams state University, colorado state University, fort Lewis college, Metropolitan state University of denver, regis University, University of colorado, University of northern colorado, Utah state University, and Western state colorado University.∞ This paper meets the requirements of the ansi/niso Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper).isbn: 978-1-60732-571-0 (cloth) isbn: 978-1-60732-659-5 (paperback) isbn: 978-1-60732-572-7 (ebook) Library of congress cataloging-in-publication data names: armstrong-fumero, fernando, editor. | Hoil gutierrez, Julio, editor. title: Legacies of space and intangible heritage : archaeology, ethnohistory, and the politics of cultural continuity in the americas / edited by fernando armstrong-fumero and Julio Hoil gutierrez. description: boulder : University press of colorado, [2017] | includes bibliographical references and index. identifiers: Lccn 2016056647| isbn 9781607325710 (cloth) | isbn 9781607326595 (pbk) | isbn 9781607325727 (ebook) subjects: LcsH: cultural landscapes-america-case studies. | cultural property-protectionamerica-case studies. | cultural property-america-Management-case studies. | Historic sites-conservation and restoration-america-case studies. | Historic sites-americaManagement-case studies. classification: Lcc gf500 .L44 2017 | ddc 973-dc23 Lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016056647 an electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. The open access isbn for the pdf version of this book is 978-1-60732-700-4; for the epUb version the open access isbn is 978-1-60732-720-2. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. front-cover photographs: taperinha plantation (top), cavern of the painted rock, Monte alegre (bottom), courtesy of anna c. roosevelt. Whether on the scale of a household, of a community, or of a much larger regional environment, spaces of human habitation are both historical records of our past and a key element in reproducing the knowledge and values that define our lives in the present. This process of cultural reproduction can be endangered when migration, displacement, or changes in property regimes limit communities' access to sites where they have important historical connections. around the world, formal legal statutes, grassroots organizations, and local acts of resistance can play different roles in reasserting these connections between people and place. accordingly, the claims that contemporary stakeholders make on archaeological site...