Three new Cyrtochilum species from Peru that are endangered by habitat destruction, are here described, illustrated and compared with similar species.

Two new species of Masdevallia, subgenus Pygmaeia, section Amaluzae are described, illustrated with line drawings and color photographs, and compared with similar taxa. The two new species are sympatric and share many morphological characteristics, but differ from each other through features such as pubescent sepals versus glabrous sepals, size and coloration. Both new species differ from all other members of the same subgenus and section by much larger plant habits.

A new and showy species of Masdevallia from the Huanuco region in Peru is described and illustrated with a line drawing and color photographs. It belongs to the subgenus Masdevallia, section Masdevallia. The new species is compared to several more or less morphologically similar species, such as M. burianii, M. cranion and M. popowiana that appear to be closely related. The new species differs from them by a combination of features, including the rather fleshy leaves and the bell-shaped flowers covered internally with magenta to white pubescence.

Three new Masdevallia species are described, illustrated and compared with similar species. A brief taxonomic discussion is held about the justification for describing the new taxa as Masdevallia and not as belonging to any of the recently proposed segregated genera. The first species is most similar to M. rimarima- alba but differs in having a more tubular flower and a narrower lip, the second species is similar to M. dudleyi and M. nunezii but differs in the richly pubescent sepals, and the third species is distinguished from other similar and multiflowered Masdevallia species by the rugose lip.

Three new small-flowered Cyrtochilum species from Colombia and Peru are here described, illustrated and compared with similar species, and with one new taxonomic combination. The first species differs from all other Cyrtochilum species by the curved horn-like structures on the lip callus. The second species differs from its most similar relative by a larger flower with a different column structure. The third species is distinguished by the three horn-like knobs at the apex of the column.