Solar PV technology is one of the first among the various renewable energy technologies that have been adopted and accepted universally in order to meet the basic needs of generation of electricity. The objective of this paper is to propose a tri-cycle that utilises the application of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. A preliminary design and construction of a solar tri-cycle has been performed by evaluating and estimating the required panel size, battery capacity and motor power. Calculation in this paper exhibit that the solar power alone will be sufficient to operate a tri-cycle from one place to another.

Short circuit current limitation in distribution system utilities can be an operational approach to improve power quality, since the estimated voltage sag amplitude during faults may be intensely reduced. The application of superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is projected here to limit the fault current that occurs in power system. SFCL utilizes superconductors to instantaneously decrease the unanticipated electrical surges that happen on utility distribution and power transmission networks. SFCL considerably decrease the economic burden on the utilities by reducing the wear on circuit breakers and protecting other expensive equipment. The designed SFCL model is used for determining an impedance level of SFCL according to the fault current limitation necessities of different types of the smart grid system. The representation of this paper about to see the optimum resistive value of SFCL for enhancing the transient stability of a power system. The assessment of optimal resistive value of the SFCL connected in series in a transmission line with a conductor throughout a short circuit fault is consistently determined by applying the equal-area criterion supported by power-angle curves. A Simulink based primary model is developed and additionally the simulation results for the projected model are achieved by using MATLAB.

Recently, there have been significant technological approaches for the bulk power grid. The customer demand is associated with conventional grid coupled large central generating stations through a high voltage transmission to a distribution system. Urban transmission systems are consistently progressing to meet the increasing needs for power and to replace old-pattern generation with native renewable generation and power provisions from outward green energy resources. Power grid is undergoing remarkable modernization towards advanced consistency, greater efficiency, and less cost by the incorporation of renewable energy and developed control technology. Quick developing nature of grid, consumer needs, and industrial invention situates substation modernization at the leading of grid transformation. Smart grid is essential to accomplish all the fastest technological reformations occurring in generation, transmission and distribution (T&D) of electric power, with growing application of sensors, computers and communications. In this study the recent trend and application of electric power grid is briefly enunciated.

This paper presented with problems related with voltage flicker in power system networks. Several international standard issued to control the voltage flicker are briefly described and some important methods to analyse electrical circuits with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waveforms are introduced and evaluated. One of these methods-Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier (CWVM) has been used to increase the voltage of a filter, which is also described in this paper as a practical application. The filter can compensate for harmonic currents, power factor, and unbalance voltage.The simulation results using Multisimare presented, showing that good dynamic and steady-state response can be achieved with this approach. Keyword: CWVM INTRODUCTIONVoltage interruption and fluctuation are the most significant power quality disturbances for consumers due to their significant unfavourable impact on electronic equipment. The system voltage fluctuation mainly caused by the faults in the power system and sometimes by the energization of large Induction Motors. In the early 90s, the impact of voltage fluctuation was measured using magnitude and duration indices and compared with the power quality envelope. Therefore, fluctuation creates competition among utilities to provide their customers with reliable power quality (PQ). PQ means voltage quality (VQ) from the customers" perspective [1]. This perspective motivates PQ research towards the mitigation of VQ problems in order to improve PQ in distribution systems. Although much work has been done in the extraction and compensation of each common PQ disturbance, few compensation strategies for several VQ problems have been developed [2]. In fact, there is a tremendous need for such generalised compensation strategies because of high probability for finding several VQ problems existing at the same bus, the same feeder or at the same load [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. On the other hand, a utility is likely to take sufficient measures that limit the interruptions due to voltage fluctuations. The utility should evaluate the voltage performance of the distribution system by performing studies that will provide it with information on the voltage magnitude, duration, and frequency at a node where a sensitive load is likely to be connected. If the sag performance is inadequate, the utility should take measures to improve that performance. An alternate approach to assess the voltage performance is by means of computer simulation. Two methods that are generally used are the method of fault positions and the method of critical distances [10]. The voltage sag performance of a hypothetical distribution system has been assessed in reference [11]. This study uses the Kalman filter, the

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