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The emergence of High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) in the world of materials has shifted the alloy design strategy based on a single principal element to the multi-principal elements where compositional space can cover almost the entire span of the higher dimensional phase diagrams. This approach can provide advanced materials with unique properties, including high strength with sufficient ductility and fracture toughness and excellent corrosion and wear resistance for a wide range of temperatures due to the concentrated alloying that cannot be obtained by traditional microalloying based on a single principal element. In addition, the alloy design approach provides new alloy systems in astronomical numbers with variety of microstructural attributes that can yield different properties, and hence conventional trial and error experimental methods for alloy development are redundant. With the help of high throughput experiments along with efficient computational tools, and artificial intelligence, mechanisms based mechanistic development of the multi-principal element alloys with tailored solid solution strengthening, stacking fault energy and microstructure is possible. The current review discusses the various design strategies based on multi-principal elements alloys in semblance with the desired mechanical properties dictated by the micro mechanisms associated with them to overcome the bottlenecks presented by the conventional approaches with possible breakthrough applications. The article will shed light on the current status as well as the future prospects of using these approaches to design novel HEAs.

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Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a hereditary disease that predominantly leads to intellectual disability (ID) in boys. It is the second prominent cause of ID, which manifests as a result of the atypical development of the cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) region. This irregular extension of the CGG region gives rise to methylation and silencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, causing a loss of the fragile X mental retardation 1 protein (FMRP). This reduction or loss of FMRP is the main cause of ID. It has a multisystemic involvement showing neuropsychiatric features such as ID, speech and language delay, autism spectrum disorder, sensory hyperarousal, social anxiety, abnormal eye contact, shyness, and aggressive behaviour. It is also known to cause musculoskeletal symptoms, ocular symptoms, cardiac abnormalities, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The management is challenging, and there is no known cure for the disease; hence an early diagnosis of the condition is needed through prenatal screening offered to couples with familial history of ID before conception. The management rests on non-pharmacological modalities, including applied behaviour analysis, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, and pharmacologic management through symptomatic treatment of comorbid behaviours and psychiatric problems and some forms of targeted therapy.