Introduction: An electrochemical sensor has the ability to transform the associated data containing electrochemical reactions into a reliable representative signal. The electrochemical sensors can be classified into potentiometric, conductometric, and ampere-metric or Volta-metric. Although, there are various electrochemical techniques for the detection of Vitamin D3, there is still a need for a simplified and cost-effective method. An electrochemical sensor provides great sensitivity towards the detection of the analyte. Aim: To fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the detection of Vitamin D3. The sensor used Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) based Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE). Materials and Methods: The SPCE used was a three-electrode system consisting of silver working electrode, silver reference electrode and a counter carbon electrode. The reagents used in the experiment was p-Phenylenediamine, resorcinol and Vitamin D3 that were applied in a particular amount onto the SPCE. The process of electropolymerisation was carried out in order to form a non-conductive layer. Cavities were gradually formed on the surface of SPCE. A mediator was used to obtain reliable results for the detection of Vitamin D3. It is evident from the existing literature that the number of scans of electropolymerisation holds a significant role in this process. The procedure was applied for the formation of non-imprinted electrode in the absence of the analyte. Results: The presence of the template i.e., Vitamin D3 was recorded using the developed electrochemical sensor. The current decreased on rebinding of Vitamin D3 which resulted in the change of redox peak of ferricyanide. This signified the sudden increase in concentration of Vitamin D3 specifying its presence. Conclusion: The results obtained specifies the great sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor towards the template i.e., vitamin D3. The clinical relevance of such electrochemical sensors is that they produce simple, accurate and reproducible results which can be used to optimise the care of patients.

3D printing also known as additive manufacturing technology has been the major development in every field of science in the past few decades. 3D printing has shown its utility in medical science tremendously. It prints objects from a digital template to a real 3-dimensional physical object. The printing is done layer by layer using plastic, nylon, and bioactive materials. It has been found to be a quick and cost effective solution in the field of implants. The applications of 3D printing are rapidly ascendant. 3D printed ventilator parts, PPE and respirators are of great significance during COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we attempt to review and investigate the major applications of 3D printing in human implants and its development. The focus of this paper is on recent advancements in different types of 3D printed implants and its gain in health care sector. The review also reports the future and challenges that the technology of 3D printing for human implants is facing.