No abstract

This study examined gender differences in the experiences of 923 officer cadets attending Canadian Military Colleges and 135 officer cadets attending civilian universities who completed a survey. Overall, the findings revealed that the experience of officer cadets in civilian universities was more positive, gender neutral, and their institutions’ values and culture were a better fit for them compared to their peers in Canadian Military Colleges. For officer cadets in Canadian Military Colleges, the results revealed that women were less likely to perceive gender equality in the way they were treated, the fairness of complaint mechanisms, and being treated with respect compared to men. Men in Canadian Military Collegess were less likely to perceive gender equality in performance standards than women. There were no gender differences in experiences for officer cadets in civilian universities.

Recent research defines bullying as intentional personal aggression, coincident with repetition, and imbalance of power (Hymel & Swearer, 2015). Bullying among adolescents is a phenomenon that has received much attention from researchers, policy makers, and practitioners, due to the harmful effects on students (Chen, 2015). Experts have identified the importance of actively addressing bullying in education contexts (Batsche & Knoff, 1994; Forsberg, Thornberg, & Samuelsson, 2014). However, few researchers have examined the locations in which students are likely to be victimized, and most of these studies focus on contexts within the school building (Fite et al., 2013). Often overlooked is the bullying that many students face at the beginning and end of each school day, on the school bus (deLara, 2008).