Austerity has become a key consideration for studying ongoing state restructuring of the urban since the economic crisis of 2008. However, academic debates have yet to fully interrogate the role of race in this process. This article reviews geographic literature on race and austerity. It outlines the emergence of austerity urbanism, and the geographic, sociological, and political science literatures from which it draws its origins from. Focusing on the interplay between race/racialization and austerity, this article engages with critical theories of race to better understand the “raced” nature of austerity, and how these processes shape cities. Critical theories of race have been influential in linking race to forms of state power and governance in geography, while also exploring racism as a material and discursive formation that is connected across space and time by capital. Austerity urbanism literature has yet to develop a sophisticated analysis of the racialized dimensions of austerity in the U.S. context. Rather, scholarship up to date theorizes race through fixed categories, where racialized groups are seen and mapped onto austerity policy outcomes. In this paper, I propose that critical theories of race can provide an analytical framework for geographers to better understand the relations between race and austerity through the lens of racial capitalism by revealing how periods of neoliberalization are organized along racial lines and operate through and upon terrains of racial domination and empire. This means framing race and racism as a process (i.e., racialization) that is inextricably embedded in the logic of the neoliberal project. This paper concludes with commentary on possible future directions, both empirical and conceptual, that engagements with racial capitalism can offer to the literature on austerity urbanism to interrogate race, power, and justice across the Global North and South.

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This chapter argues that, in the UK, pre-existing conditions, such as austerity cuts to public services, have disproportionately affected trans* people, particularly through the loss of social infrastructure. It draws on the concept of social infrastructure to outline the ways in which the urban inequities of transgender and gender non-conforming people have changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also situates trans* people's urban inequities against the backdrop of UK austerity cuts that have undermined social infrastructures vital to LGBTQ communities. The chapter argues that pre-existing conditions caused trans* people to become disproportionately affected by the pandemic in terms of social infrastructures of health, community, and housing. It explains how social relations and invisible labor that underlie social infrastructures broke down during the onset of the pandemic, placing trans* people in a particularly precarious position.