Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of mortality in the United States (US). Differences in CRC mortality according to race have been extensively studied; however, much more understanding with regard to tumor characteristics’ effect on mortality is needed. The objective was to investigate the association between race and mortality among CRC patients in the US during 2007–2014. A retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, which collects cancer statistics through selected population-based cancer registries during in the US, was conducted. The outcome variable was CRC-related mortality in adult patients (≥18 years old) during 2007–2014. The independent variable was race of white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and American Indian/Alaska Native (others). The covariates were, age, sex, marital status, health insurance, tumor stage at diagnosis, and tumor size and grade. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify possible confounders (chi-square tests). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to study the association between race and CRC-specific mortality. The final number of participants consisted of 70,392 patients. Blacks had a 32% higher risk of death compared to whites (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.43). Corresponding OR for others were 1.41 (95% CI 1.10–1.84). API had nonsignificant adjusted odds of mortality compared to whites (0.95; 95% CI 0.87–1.03). In conclusion, we observed a significant increased risk of mortality in black and American Indian/Alaska Native patients with CRC compared to white patients.

Objectives:To measure the knowledge and awareness about risk factors of osteoporosis among young females in King Abdullah Female City at Al-Imam Mohammed ibn Saud Islamic University. Methods:This was cross-sectional study based on the self-administered questionnaire. Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) was used for data collection, OKAT will assess the understanding of symptoms and risk of fractures, knowledge of risk factors for osteoporosis and the preventive factors such as physical activity, diet and treatment availability. The study participants were all female students at Al-Imam Mohammed ibn Saud Islamic University which was 39774 until the academic year of 2017-2018.Results: Participants knowledge about osteoporosis found 79.4% of the 1012 subjects questioned did not have sufficient amount of knowledge about the disease. Our study explored the possible impact of sufficient knowledge and awareness in preventing the occurrence of osteoporosis in young Saudi female college students, using OKAT with cut-off score less than 60%.Conclusion: According to OKAT, young Saudi female college students do not have sufficient amount of knowledge about osteoporosis, which plays a major role in preventing the disease, therefore, an effort should be made to promote health awareness regarding osteoporosis.

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