Context: Neck pain is a very common symptom. Several clinical trial studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of cupping therapy on neck pain. The objective of this study was to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of cupping therapy as an intervention to conservative management of neck pain.Evidence Acquisition: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, web of science, and Iranian medical databases through March 2017 without time restrictions. All clinical trials done on non-specific neck pain, where at least one of the therapies assessed pertains to cupping therapy, were included the study. Outcomes were pain intensity (e.g., Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), disability (e.g., Neck Disability Index, NDI), quality of life on sp36 questionnaire, and other outcomes due to neck pain. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness of cupping in managing neck pain.Results: Meta-analysis of 5 trials revealed significant differences in pain relief in favor of cupping therapy compared with the control group (VAS 100 cm, MD, -0.84 (-1.22, -0.46), I 2 = 54.7%). Furthermore, meta-analysis of 6 studies revealed that cupping therapy was clinically superior to the control group in patients with neck pain (SMD = -0.60 (-0.86, -0.35), I 2 = 16.4%). Assessment of quality of life using the SP36 questionnaire showed that cupping therapy increased the quality of life in patients with neck pain compared with the control group (SMD = -0.56 (-0.20, -0.92), I 2 = 51.4%). Conclusions:This study provides some evidence that cupping therapy may improve treatment of patients with neck pain.

The prevalence of renal stones in industrialized countries is about 10 to 12%, and its incidence has increased in recent years. Renal stone is strongly dependent on dietary habits, so dietary changes are the most promising intervention to reduce renal stone production. Nutrition from the perspective of traditional Persian medicine is one of the important pillars of prevention and treatment of diseases such as renal stones. In this article, we intend to outline the nutritional managements indicated in Avicenna’s book of canon of medicine on renal stones. According to Avicenna, renal stone producing foods are concentrated and viscous foods, including some dairy products, meats, cereals, fruits, pastries, breads and some foods. Many such foods discriminated by Avicenna to be viscous and thus stone forming are also shown by modern science to increase the risk of renal stone production although based on diverse mechanisms. This issue may be an example that traditional medicine may suggest experienced-founded phenotype-based shortcuts for better research hypothesis designs.