Der Unfallchirurg 2•2002 | 147Weiterbildung KnochenmetastasenIn den letzten 30 Jahren hat sich die Prognose der Patienten, bei den ein ossär metastasierter Tumor diagnostiziert wurde, dramatisch verbessert. Ursächlich für diese Entwicklung ist vor allem die interdisziplinäre Diagnostik und Therapie der Erkrankung mit gezielter Chemo-, Immun-und Hormontherapie, Strahlentherapie und Chirurgie. Für den Patenten der an einer generalisierten bösartigen Erkrankung leidet, geht es nicht nur um die Verbesserung der Überlebenszeit, sondern auch um die Beherrschung der typischen Komplikationen wie Schmerz, pathologische Fraktur, Instabilität im Bereich des Bewegungsapparates und der möglichen Hyperkalzämie mit den daraus folgenden Komplikationen. In diesem Artikel sollen standardisierte, rationelle und auf den derzeitigen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen beruhende Vorgehensweisen für die Diagnostik und Therapie von ossär metastasierten Tumoren dargestellt werden. Besonderes Gewicht soll auf den rationellen Einsatz von bildgebenden Verfahren, die Gewebeprobeentnahme, die Indikationen der verschiedenen Therapiemodalitäten und natürlich auch die exemplarische Darstellung der chirurgischen Techniken an den verschiedenen Abschnitten des Bewegungsapparates gelegt werden.᭤ CUP-Syndrom
The use of non-treated cryopreserved bone allografts has been criticized following the publication of new cases of HIV and hepatitis-C infection caused by such grafts. However, the "new" cases of HIV infection arose in 1984/1985. when HIV testing was not possible. A critical analysis of the German bone bank procedures shows that the official guidelines are not adequate. Furthermore, new sterilization techniques are propagated for clinical use. This leads to a false feeling of security, and does not help to solve the problem of virus transmission by way of bone allografts. It is therefore essential that new guidelines for bone bank management be developed as a matter of urgency, with due consideration for everything known about this problem to date. Our current bone bank procedure is presented and the various points in the official guidelines that need updating are discussed, including the necessity for 6-month HIV and hepatitis testing modified donor screening, and special guidelines for multiple organ donors.
Owing to advances in adjuvant therapy, the outlook for patients with primary malignant bone tumors has improved dramatically in recent decades. This applies both to improved survival and to increased limb salvage rates. The diagnostic strategies and a staging system for malignant bone tumors are outlined. Technical aspects of the standard limb salvage procedures, such as Tikhoff-Linberg resection at the shoulder, internal hemipelvectomy, proximal and distal femur resection and rotation plasty are presented. The use of soft tissue procedures such as flaps and the use of modular implant systems has reduced the complication rates of limb salvage procedures. In the future we hope to further improve prognosis and quality of life for such patients by the application of risk-adapted strategies for chemotherapy and surgery.
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