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A review was undertaken of all patients treated at Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia with total body irradiation (TBI) for the purpose of assessing the incidence of interstitial pneumonitis (IP) and possible prognostic factors for its development. The aim was also to assess the impact of IP and other prognostic factors on long-term survival outcome following bone marrow transplantation. A total of 84 patients received TBI, with 12 Gy in six fractions delivered using two different instantaneous dose rates of 7.5 and 15 cGy min À1 . This series included 26 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 26 of multiple myeloma and 15 of acute myelogenous leukaemia. On multivariate analysis, a higher dose rate was independently significant for an increased risk of IP.