Regulatory fit, or the match between an individual's regulatory orientation and the strategy used to sustain it, offers a pervasive predictor of customer behavior. Merely reaching a decision in a certain way influences the value of a decision or an outcome. In this research, we conduct a meta‐analysis to more fully articulate the role of important conceptual moderators and demonstrate their differential effects on evaluation, behavioral intention, and behavior. In particular, we look at the source of regulatory focus (self‐prime, situation‐prime, chronic), the orientation (prevention, promotion), how fit is created (sustaining, matching), how fit is constructed (action, observation), and the scope of fit (incidental, integral). We also shed light on the role of several contextual factors.

Such shifting consumption patterns are partly a function of technological advances associated with novel offerings and capabilities provided by the Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain technologies, and robotics (Rafaeli et al., 2017). These impending technological promises follow from the relatively recent emergence of now familiar advances in the Internet, computing and storage capabilities, big data, and retail analytics. These trends have prompted the enormous growth of Internet-based retailing, as well as tremendous challenges and opportunities for the retail sector. Amazon has led the way, establishing a powerful competitive advantage over most retailers. Big data and retail analytics are less obvious in everyday consumers' lives, but their influence has been equally important (Bradlow, Gangwar, Kopalle, & Voleti, 2017). Retailers are developing their analytical capabilities to understand and serve customers better, price products and services dynamically, and manage the flow of merchandise in the supply chain. As retailing and retailers change, it is equally important for retailing education to evolve in parallel. Retailing education must reflect technological advances, in all its various forms. First, the content covered needs to be up-to-date. Second, digital, online pedagogical solutions should integrate mobile and smart devices in the classroom. Third, retailing education continues to need relevant case studies and vignettes on novel and emerging issues (e.g., Amazon's acquisition of Whole Foods), along with relevant experiential exercises. Accordingly, we structure this article to acknowledge the past, the present, and the future of retailing and retailing education. First, we examine major changes in a key retailing textbook (Retailing Management; Levy, Weitz, & Grewal, 2014, 2018) and the supporting material it has provided, from its first through 10th editions, to highlight how retail education has and continues to evolve. 1 In this analysis, we first cover significant retailing innovations that have changed the retail and consumer landscapes and tie them to changes in retail education. Second, we discuss current challenges and shifts in retailing that are influencing retail education. Third, we pursue insights into several new technologies that have the promise of changing retailing and its teaching, such as the IoT, machine learning, AI, and blockchain technologies.

Synthesizing knowledge from psychology and marketing research, an understanding of nonverbal communication can help address when and how customers express their underlying feelings in retail interactions that are not evident in direct verbal expressions. Examining nonverbal behavior as an indirect measure of consumer response can enable retailers to better understand the needs of their customers. Nonverbal communication theory is used to develop a conceptual framework that builds on prior research on the situation, expressivity, social status, display rules, and their effects on customer expression. Lay wisdom suggests that customer expression should be revealing (e.g., "the eyes are the windows to the soul"). However, research reveals a myriad of situational factors that may lead customers to mask their true feelings. This paper offers nine theoretical propositions and summarizes research evidence related to these pro-positions from various substantive domains for marketing research.

Despite growing applications of social and healthcare marketing to enhance public well-being through anti-stigma campaigns, little research investigates how public stigma surrounding health conditions might limit the outcomes of these campaigns. By drawing on the theory of implicit worldviews, this study identifies reasons for public stigma as well as associated message frames to address these reasons. Study 1a provides evidence that implicit worldviews are relevant to campaign results. Study 1b and Study 2 demonstrate that fitting consumers' implicit worldview with suitable (i.e., biomedical or biopsychosocial) health frames reduces stigma endorsement. Study 3 identifies the perceived severity of a mental illness as a boundary condition; marketing communications have the greatest impact when they refer to an illness with lower perceived severity. Finally, Study 4 expands understanding of the phenomenon by extending the findings to physical health conditions (i.e., obesity). The article concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policy and future applications. Keywords Social marketing. Mental illness. Stigma. Healthcare marketing. Message framing. Implicit worldviews. Biomedical model. Biopsychosocial model Marketers can develop solutions to challenging societal problems (Andreasen et al. 2005; Lee and Kotler 2011), including wellbeing. For example, social marketing campaigns can target attitudes and behaviors related to schizophrenia, depression, suicide, smoking, alcohol abuse, and obesity (Kotler 2011). Most prior efforts have focused on individual behavioral changes, such Jan-Hinrich Meyer was part of Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Mexico during the submission process of this paper. The first author collected and analyzed the data. Martin Mende served as Area Editor for this article.

Conventional wisdom and prior research on processing fluency suggest that consumers prefer fluent information, such that it has positive effects on their purchase decisions. Challenging this conventional wisdom, and on the basis of recent research on processing disfluency, this study proposes that the increased effort required to process disfluent price information can lead to deeper information processing. If the advertised price offer represents a good value, it can enhance purchase decisions, even if customers prefer the disfluent display less. A series of studies in the field and lab demonstrate support for this positive impact of disfluent price information on purchase decisions.