We performed simultaneous monitoring observations of the 22.2 GHz H2O and 43.1/42.8/86.2/129.3 GHz SiO masers toward the red supergiant VX Sagittarii using the Korean VLBI Network single-dish telescopes. The observations were conducted about every 2 months from 2013 May to 2019 January (30 epochs in total). They included four optical maxima in the active phase of the optical pulsation cycles. The line profile of a H2O maser always comprised various velocity components with a wider velocity range and varied from highly redshifted to blueshifted velocities with respect to the stellar velocity, in contrast to those of the SiO masers. We examined the relation between peak intensities and velocities of 11 detailed components in the line profile of the H2O maser and the pulsation phases. The peak intensity of each component generally exhibited a better correlation with the pulsation phases than that of total intensity. The peak velocities of several components gradually decreased or increased with respect to the stellar velocity, implying an accelerating motion and the development of asymmetries in the H2O maser region. The characteristics of four transition SiO maser properties were compared according to the stellar pulsation phases. The intensity and velocity variation trend of the 43.1 GHz SiO maser was similar to that of the 42.8 GHz SiO maser. However, the variation trend of the 43.1 and 42.8 GHz SiO masers was different from that of the 86.2 and 129.3 GHz SiO masers. This difference stems from the different location of each maser reflecting a different excitation condition.

We report very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) monitoring observations of the 22 GHz water (H2O) masers around the Mira variable BX Cam, which were carried out as a part of the EAVN Synthesis of Stellar Maser Animations project. Data of 37 epochs in total were obtained from 2018 May to 2021 June with a time interval of 3–4 weeks, spanning approximately three stellar pulsation periods (P = ∼440 days). In particular, the dual-beam system equipped on the VERA stations was used to measure the kinematics and parallaxes of the H2O maser features. The measured parallax, π = 1.79 ± 0.08 mas, is consistent with Gaia EDR3 and previously measured VLBI parallaxes within a 1σ error level. The position of the central star was estimated, based on both the Gaia EDR3 data and the center position of the ring-like 43 GHz silicon-monoxide (SiO) maser distribution imaged with the Korean VLBI Network. The three-dimensional H2O maser kinematics indicates that the circumstellar envelope is expanding at a velocity of 13 ± 4 km s−1, while there are asymmetries in both the spatial and velocity distributions of the maser features. Furthermore, the H2O maser animation achieved by our dense monitoring program manifests the propagation of shock waves in the circumstellar envelope of BX Cam.