The bias conditions for the HEMT are V DS 5 3 V, V g 5 20.5 V, and I DS 5 40 mA. With these bias conditions, low noise, stability, and high stable gain properties for the proposed LNA can be obtained. CONCLUSIONIn this letter, a new low noise amplifier (LNA) using a CRLH metamaterial was suggested. The advantages of the proposed LNA include low noise, high maximum stable gain, and compact size.The CRLH with distributed elements has a compact size in the input and output matching networks at LNA. The proposed LNA has a compact size, low cost, and possibility of mass production. A HEMT is adopted as an active device due to its low noise and high stable gain properties. The proposed LNA can be fabricated using a micro/nano-semiconductor process such as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) due to its planar structure. It can be applied to an L-band wireless communication system. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTABSTRACT: This letter presents the design and measurement of high OIP3, low flicker noise double-balanced Gilbert cell down conversion input at 2.4 GHz.

A low-noise offset-cancellation method is proposed to increase the sensitivity of CMOS Hall sensors. Conventional CMOS Hall sensors have low sensitivity because of high offset, flicker (1/f) noise, and chopper switching noise. To improve the sensitivity of Hall sensors, we need to reduce the noise generation and separate the Hall signal from the noise. Therefore, in this study, switching noise and harmonics are reduced by applying a low-noise offset-cancellation method using a reduced number of choppers. In addition, because the Hall signal does transform back to DC, it is not affected by the offset noise of the read-out circuits. A Hall sensor system that includes a CMOS Hall plate is designed and tested. When the Hall signal processed by the proposed method is compared with the existing system under the same conditions, we confirm that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improves by 18.36 dB and the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) improves by 9.02 dB.

-This paper proposes the power management technology for stand-alone PV system to extend installation environment and coverage. The proposed power management technology in this paper can protect battery safeness from overcharge/discharge with keeping the proper SOC(State of Charge) and extend using time of system through estimation of operating power. The proposed power management technology in this paper is applied to Infra-free Variable Message Sign. And performance of power management technology in this paper was verified using simulation scenario.

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