The leaves of lotus are called ‘Hayeob’ ( ), which is known to have the effect of extinguishing heat, smoothing water metabolism, clearing the blood, and releasing blood(1–2). This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Hayeobtan on lipid metabolism in high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD)‐induced hypertriglyceridemia(3–4). Sprague Dawley rats were fed the HFCD diet with/without fluvastatin (Flu, positive control) 3 mg/kg/day, and HYT 100 or 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. All groups received a regular diet or HF diet, respectively, for 13 weeks. The last three groups treatment of Flu and HYT 100, and HYT200 orally for 9 weeks. Treatment of HYT markedly attenuated plasma levels of triglycerides and augmented plasma levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in HFCD‐fed rats. HYT and Flu also led to an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in the HFCD group. On the other hand, HYT and Flu led to an decrease in fatty acid synthase and free fatty acid activity in the HFCD group. Treatment with HYT suppressed increased expressions of PPAR‐α and AMPK in HFCD rat liver or muscle. In addition, the HYT attenuated triglyceridemia by inhibition of PPAR‐γ and FABP protein expression levels and LXR and SREBP‐1 gene expression in liver or muscle. The HYT significantly prevented the development of the metabolic disturbances such as hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia. Taken together, the administration of HYT improves hypertriglyceridemia through the alteration in suppression of triglyceride synthesis and accentuated of triglyceride decomposition. These results suggested that HYT is useful in the prevention or treatment of hypertriglyceridemia‐related disorders such as triglyceride metabolism. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2017R1A5A2015805)(2019R1I1A3A01062432).

Jwagwieum ( , JGE), a Korean traditional medicine, has been used for treatment of kidney‐yin deficient ( ) syndrome. However, there is no pharmacological study of JGE on ischemia/reperfusion‐induced acute renal failure (ARF). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether JGE ameliorates renal function and its related mechanism in acute kidney injury‐induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. In this experiment, 5‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used under 12 h light and dark cycle. After a week of adaptation, they were randomly divided into following groups. 1) Cont. (Control), 2) ischemia/reperfusion injury (ARF), 3) ARF + JGE100 (100 mg/kg/day), 4) ARF + JGE200 (200 mg/kg/day). The ARF group was subjected to reperfusion after inserting a clip into the renal artery for 45 min. ARF + JGE100 group was orally administered with JGE 100 mg/kg/day after ischemia/reperfusion surgery, and ARF + JGE200 group was orally administered with JGE 200 mg/kg/day for 4 days, respectively. As a result, JGE suppressed the increase of kidney size in the acute renal failure animal model and alleviated polyuria symptoms. In addition, solute‐free water reabsorption (TcH2O) and creatinine clearance (Ccr), indicators of glomerular filtration rate, were significantly increased in JGE group compared with those of ARF rats. In ARF group, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine (Cr) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased compared to the control group, respectively, while they were significantly decreased in JGE group. The present results also showed that JGE improved the morphological aspects of renal tissue and ameliorated fibrosis in ARF group. Inflammation is one of the main causes of ischemic acute kidney injury and was inhibited by JGE, which was confirmed by the NLRP3 inflammasome decline. The present results showed that JGE has protective effects against inflammatory process via inhibition of NLRP3 signal pathway, which is associated with improvement of renal function in rats with ARF. These results suggest that JGE has a therapeutic effect on acute kidney injury‐induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2017R1A5A2015805)(2015M3A9A5030620)(2017R1A2B4009884).