Current American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing cystoscopy with manipulation (including ureteral stent removal). However, there is little evidence that this practice prevents UTI. Our objective was to investigate current practice patterns of urologists in the use of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to ureteral stent removal.METHODS: An anonymous online survey was distributed to members of the Endourological Society. The survey included questions about provider demographics, personal practice for ureteral stent use and removal, and antibiotics prophylaxis prior to stent removal.RESULTS: Of the 2,544 urologists invited to participate, 284 (11%) completed the survey. Demographic information is outlined in Table 1. Half do not prescribe antibiotics while the stent is in place. Of those who give antibiotic prophylaxis before stent removal, 52% prescribe a single dose. There is variation in antibiotic prophylaxis by method of stent removal and surgery leading to stent placement (Figure 1). Forty-three percent do not obtain a urine culture (UC) prior to stent removal. For those who obtain a UC, duration of antibiotic treatment varies based on UC results (Figure 2). Main factors influencing practice are AUA guidelines, personal experience, patient history of UTI and UC results.CONCLUSIONS: There is significant variation in practice among urologists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis prior to stent removal. Without evidence to support this practice, patients may be exposed unnecessarily to harm related to antibiotic use without a clear benefit. This lack of consensus highlights the need for additional research and development of guidelines.

No abstract

Optical ground wires (OPGW) must be able to fulfil the regular functions of a ground wire, such as lightning protection and fault current path, as well as provide secure communications by way of the optical fibres embedded inside. Fault current tests were performed on a loose-tube design OPGW to evaluate the temperature and optical performance during and after fault current pulses or 'hits'. Optical performance was found to be affected as early as the fist rated fault current hit. Temperature Gradient tests revealed much higher than expected optical core temperatures, with resultant buffer tube damage. A temperature gradient prediction computer program was developed and independently verified the measured temperatures. A redesign of the cable will be necessary to ensure adequate optical performance for rated fault current hits.