Background Excessive stress is a major global health concern, particularly in young adults. Short skills-focused self-guided interventions (SGIs) on smartphones are a scalable way to improve stress-coping skills at the population level. Objective In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to examine the possible efficacy of a recently developed stress-coping SGI (Intellect) in improving psychological distress, relative to an active control group and 2 potential moderators of this predicted relationship (ie, psychological mindedness [PM] and coping self-efficacy [CSE]). Methods University students (N=321) were randomly assigned to either an 8-day SGI on stress-coping or an active control group. Self-reported measures were obtained at baseline, after the intervention, and at the 1-month follow-up. The primary outcome was psychological stress (Psychological Stress Measure-9). Secondary outcomes were anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). PM and CSE were assessed as potential moderators at baseline. Results The final sample (n=264) included 188 (71.2%) female, 66 (25%) male, 7 (2.7%) nonbinary, and 3 (1.1%) others participants with a mean age of 22.5 (SD 5.41) years. The intervention group reported significantly lower perceived stress (partial eta–squared [ηp2]=0.018; P=.03) and anxiety (ηp2=0.019; P=.03) levels after intervention relative to the active control group. The effects on perceived stress levels remained statistically significant at the 1-month follow-up (ηp2=0.015; P=.05). Students with the lowest CSE and highest PM experienced the fastest decline in perceived stress levels (β=6.37, 95% Cl 2.98-9.75). Improvements in anxiety levels were not observed at 1-month follow-up. Similarly, no intervention effects were found for depression levels at postintervention and follow-up periods. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the Intellect stress-coping SGI is effective in reducing perceived stress and anxiety levels among university students. Mobile health apps are brief, scalable, and can make important contributions to public mental health. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04978896; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04978896

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Digital self-guided mobile health [mHealth] applications are cost-effective, accessible, and well-suited to improve mental health at scale. This randomized controlled trial [RCT] evaluated the efficacy of a recently developed mHealth programme based on cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT] principles in improving worry and anxiety. We also examined psychological mindedness [PM] as a mediator by which app engagement is thought to improve outcomes. The Intervention group completed a 2-week “Anxiety and Worry” programme with daily CBT-informed activities, while the active waitlist-control completed a matched 2-week mHealth programme on procrastination. Participants filled out the Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], and Psychological Mindedness Scale [PMS] at baseline, post-intervention, and 2-week follow-up. App engagement was measured at post-intervention only. Contrary to prediction, the Intervention group did not perform better than the Active Control group; both groups showed significant improvements on anxiety and depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. From post-intervention to follow-up, only the Intervention group showed further improvements for anxiety symptoms. Higher engagement with the mHealth app predicted lower anxiety and depressive symptoms at follow-up, and this relationship was fully mediated by psychological mindedness. This study provides evidence that [a] engaging in a CBT mHealth programme can reduce anxiety and worry, and [b] Psychological mindedness is a potential pathway by which engaging with a mHealth app improves anxiety and depressive symptoms. While overall effect sizes were small, at the population level, these can make significant contributions to public mental health.

Evidence-based mobile health (mHealth) applications on smartphones are a cost-effective way for employees to take proactive steps to improve well-being and performance. However, little is known about what sustains engagement on these applications and whether they could dynamically improve occupational outcomes such as resilience and mood. Using real-world data, this intensive longitudinal study examines (a) which employees would continually engage with a cognitive behavioural therapy-informed mHealth application (‘Intellect’); and (b) if daily engagement of ‘Intellect’ would relate to better occupational outcomes on the following day. A total of 515 working adults in Singapore and Hong Kong ( Mage = 32.4, SDage = 8.17) completed daily in-app items on mood and resilience components (i.e. sleep hours, sleep quality, physical activity, and stress levels). Our results revealed that employees with lower baseline resilience (β = −0.048, odds ratio (OR) = 0.953, p < 0.01), specifically poorer sleep quality (β = −0.212, OR = 0.809, p = 0.001) and/or higher stress levels (β = −0.255, OR = 0.775, p = 0.05), were more likely to resume engagement on the application. Among the 150 active users (i.e. ≥3 consecutive days of engagement) ( Mage = 32.2, SDage = 8.17), daily engagement predicted higher resilience (β = 0.122; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.039–0.206), specifically lower stress levels (β = 0.018; 95% CI 0.004–0.032), higher physical activity (β = 0.079; 95% CI 0.032–0.126), and mood levels (β = 0.020; 95% CI 0.012–0.029) on the following day even after controlling for same-day outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that engaging with a mHealth application was associated with higher dynamic resilience and emotional well-being in employees.

BACKGROUND Excessive and chronic stress is a major global health concern, especially for young adults. Short skills-focused self-guided applications (SGAs) on smartphones are a cost-effective and scalable way to improve stress coping skills at the population level. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate (a) The effectiveness of a recently developed stress coping SGA (“Intellect”) in improving stress coping skills, relative to an active control group, and (b) to examine Psychological Mindedness (PM) and Coping Self-Efficacy (CSE) as two potential moderators of this predicted relationship to identify students who benefit the most from the stress coping SGA. METHODS University students (N = 321) were randomly assigned to either an 8-day SGA on stress coping or an active-control group. Self-report measures were obtained at baseline, post-intervention and 1-month follow-up. The primary outcome was psychological stress (Psychological Stress Measure, PSM-9). Secondary outcomes were anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7), and depressive symptoms (Patient-Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9). Psychological mindedness (Psychological Mindedness Scale, PMS) and coping self-efficacy (Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, CSES) were assessed at baseline as potential moderators. RESULTS The final participants (N = 264) included 188 females, 66 males, 7 non-binary, and 3 others with a mean age of 22.5 years. The intervention group reported significantly lower stress (ηp2 = .018, P = .029) and anxiety levels (ηp2 = .019, P = .026) at post-intervention relative to the active control group. The effects on stress levels remained statistically significant at 1-month follow-up (ηp2 = .015, P =.05). Students with the lowest coping self-efficacy and highest psychological mindedness experienced the fastest decline in stress levels (β = 6.37; 95% Cl 2.98 - 9.75). No intervention effects were found on depression levels at post-intervention and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that the “Intellect” Stress Coping SGA is effective in reducing stress and anxiety levels in university students. Stress coping SGAs are cost-effective, brief, scalable and can make an important contribution to public mental health. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04978896