Militaristic boot camps became very popular in the U.S. in the early 1990's as an alternative to traditional prisons and probation. Less recidivism and less cost were the shibboleths of correctional boot camps. The boot camps are believed to reduce the number of repeat offenders and to lower operational costs. The rehabilitation programs and aftercare activities are thought to bring ongoing changes in inmates' behaviors. Therefore, boot camps are strongly supported by politicians and the public. Tax dollars are spent to operate the boot camps. However, despite the fact that only two decades have passed since the existence of juvenile boot camps, numerous studies have declared that juvenile boot camp prisons are ineffective in reducing future offenses of inmates, operational costs, and in continually changing the behaviors of young offenders.

Research problem / aim: Turkey initiated its first specialized child court in 1987, but the most visible improvements towards establishing child-specific judicial procedures were only achieved in 2005, when the Child Protection Law (CPL) became effective. This Law required the involvement of several agencies in both providing protection for children and adjudicating them when they were involved in delinquency. After this Law was enacted several comprehensive projects were carried out, different institutions were established, and different legal and policy changes took place to maintain the effective administration of child justice procedures. Yet, practical observations of these different stake holders indicated that a useful, productive, and cohesive system in coordinating these various agencies involved in the child justice system procedural processes was not fully achieved as of 2016. The primary objective of this study was to develop a framework on how an effective child justice administration system should be established and what kinds of functions it should carry out in Turkey.Method: This study, first of all, provides an analysis of the existing practices and procedures of the various agencies involved in administering child justice procedures through a series of systematic observations, as well as focus group and in-depth interviews with key informants.Findings: The findings of this study yielded propositions on the general principles, functions, and the bureaucratic nature of such system that can increase the overall effectiveness of the outcomes of the juvenile justice processes.Conclusion: This study concludes with a discussion of how the study findings should be utilized in both the Turkish and international contexts.

Over the last few decades, many studies have been conducted to understand whether community policing (CP) has an impact on reducing crime rates. Yet there is still substantial controversy surrounding the question of the impact of CP on crime rates. Despite the broad understanding of CP, various types of measurement of crime statistics have led research- ers to conduct meta-analyses of the phenomenon. This study combines two previous meta-analyses of CP and Turkish and English online searches. We used the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA 3.0) statistical program to calculate the effect sizes of previous studies. We employed odds ratio (OR) as the effect size, since it is one of the most appropriate methods for proportions. We found no evidence suggesting that CP has an impact on reducing disorders, drug sales, or property crime, but it does have an impact on reducing crimes such as burglary, gun use, drug use, Part I crimes, and robbery, as well as fear of crime. Depending on crime type, CP can be a promising policing strategy to reduce crimes. und a statistically significant, positive impact of CP, despite the limitations of including only Turkish- and English-language studies.