No abstract

Mineral waste, including non-hazardous construction waste, is the largest waste stream once a country has reached a certain degree of urbanization. This waste stream has a significant potential to replace primary raw materials. Although a large part of the construction waste is reused, other mineral materials such as ashes or slags have only been used for backfilling or are deposited in landfills. The aim of the investigations is to determine the usability of substitute building materials (SBM) in higher-quality applications, particularly in urban green infrastructure, for example, Reinforced Soil Structures (RSS) or Green Roofs (GR). In addition to technical and environmental requirements, the greening of the material is relevant. The study concept includes soil mechanical laboratory tests as well as greening tests on SBM, namely slags, ashes, residue sands, and crushed/milled brick. The lab results illustrate the feasibility and applicability conditions for the investigated SBM. Upscaling the lab test results, in the next step the construction of a RSS with complete substitution of the primary building materials is started as large scale pilot test.

Cloud computing has become a paradigm of our time. It is not only a technical solution, but a business model to sell and rent computing power and servers. Virtual machines (VMs) are used to allow a dynamic and transparent server utilization, which is made possible by VM live migration. VM live migration allows to move VMs within and out of data centers while the VM is still running. Thus, resource usage becomes more efficient. However, VM live migration also provides an opportunity for new attack vectors, which can be used by malicious attackers. They can compromise hypervisors and afterwards steal VMs from data centers to gain control over resources. In the worst case scenario, the theft remains undetected by both system administrators and customers. In this paper, we present the first taxonomy of possible VM live migration detection approaches. There are two different monitoring approaches, i.e., internal or external monitoring, as well as different detection approaches, which correspond to the different approaches to detect migration. Moreover, we propose a hybrid external approach using delay measurement with ICMP ping and time-lag detection with the network time protocol (NTP) to detect VM live migration. We show that VM live migration can be detected by using a prototype of our hybrid external approach.