The 6,7,8,8a-cis (all-cis) substituted δ-valerolactams of type 10, 11 and 12 are high-affinity diols for boronic ester formation, superior to the corresponding 6,7-trans analogues 1, 3 and 4. X-ray and NMR structure analysis have identified the differences of the six-membered ring conformations which cause the improved esterification properties of the all-cis stereoisomers. The homooligomeric all-cisδ-valerolactams 46-48 are used as polyol templates for the self-assembly of peptidic oligomers 49-52 by dynamic covalent chemistry. The templates have a diol spacing of approximately 5 Å, suitable for the assembly of branched peptides from the quantitative reaction between the peptide of interest, 2-formylphenylboronic acid and the respective template. According to this strategy, the tetrameric Aβ-miniamyloid 52 formed spontaneously from nine individual molecules in a three-component system. A detailed NMR analysis based on the complete sequential assignment of the trimeric Aβ(32-40)-miniamyloid 51 identified its three-dimensional structure in solution.

SummaryCovalent dynamic chemistry is used to mimic the first steps of the highly cooperative fibril formation of Aβ peptides. For that purpose, Aβ peptide pentapeptide boronic acids 1 and 2 were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis and studied in esterification experiments with polyhydroxylated templates. The bis-hydroxylated dipeptide Hot=Tap serves as a template of adjustable degree of oligomerization which spontaneously forms boronic esters with peptides of type 1 and 2. Nuclear magnetic resonance can differentiate between regioisomeric boronic esters and identifies preferred sites of esterification on the dimeric template 9. 2-Formylphenylboronic acid (14) is used to link the parent pentapeptide Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala to the template 16 to obtain threefold boronic ester 17. The miniamyloid 17 assembles from seven components by imine and boronic ester bonds between the peptides and the template. The relative orientation and spacing of the peptides mimic the assembly of peptides in Alzheimer β-amyloids.

The crystal structure of cyclo-(n-Thr-D-Val-g-Pro-Sar-N-u-MeVal-OThr), C23H39N506.HC1.MeOH.H20 is reported. This cyclic pentapeptide lactone represents one

A short synthesis of the C2-epimeric amino acids Land D-β-hydroxyenduracididine (βhEnd) was developed. Both amino acids are part of the cyclopeptide portion of the mannopeptimycin antibiotics. The synthetic route comprises eight steps starting from Garner's aldehyde and provides partially protected derivatives in good overall yields. Key steps are a stereodivergent olefinationbishydroxylation sequence and a regioselective guanidine cyclization reaction. In addition, precursor amino acids that contain a protected amino alcohol instead of the cyclic guanidine could be efficiently coupled to provide a structurally simplified analogue of the L-βhEnd-D-βhEnd dipeptide portion of the mannopeptimycin aglycone.

Abstract:The boron trifluoride activation of trichloroacetimidate donors was found to be an efficient method for the α-mannosylation of tyrosine-containing acceptors. Most notably, these conditions are compatible with the commonly used carbamate protecting groups, whereas trichloroacetimidate activation with trimethylsilyl triflate or the use of glycosyl sulfoxides led to diminished yields in the presence of carbamates. In these cases, the competing reaction of the activated donors with the carbamate group was identified as a problematic side reaction. Taking advantage of this reactivity, various glycosyl carbamates were generated for the first time under non-acidic glycosylation conditions by reaction of different Bocprotected amino acids and dipeptides with glycosyl sulfoxides under triflic anhydride activation.