Abstract. Repairing tissues and organs has been the main goal of surgical procedures. Since the 1990s, the main goal of tissue engineering has been reparation, using porous scaffolds that serve as a three-dimensional template for the initial fixation of cells and subsequent tissue formation both in vitro and in vivo. A scaffold must have specific characteristics of porosity, interconnectivity, surface area, pore volume, surface tortuosity, permeability and mechanical properties, which makes its design, manufacturing and characterization a complex process. Inspired by nature, triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) have emerged as an alternative for the manufacture of porous pieces with design requirements, such as scaffolds for tissue repair. In the present work, we used the technique of 3D printing to obtain ceramic structures with Gyroid, Schwarz Primitive and Schwarz Diamond Surfaces shapes, three TPMS that fulfil the geometric requirements of a bone tissue scaffold. The main objective of this work is to compare the mechanical properties of ceramic pieces of three different forms of TPMS printed in 3D using a commercial ceramic paste. In this way it will be possible to clarify which is the TPMS with appropriate characteristics to construct scaffolds of ceramic materials for bone repair. A dependence of the mechanical properties with the geometry was found being the Primitive Surface which shows the highest mechanical properties.

Since its commissioning in 2004, the UC San Diego Large High-Performance Outdoor Shake Table (LHPOST) has enabled the seismic testing of large structural, geostructural and soil-foundation-structural systems, with its ability to accurately reproduce far- and near-field ground motions. Thirty-four (34) landmark projects were conducted on the LHPOST as a national shared-use equipment facility part of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) and currently Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) programs, and an ISO/IEC Standard 17025:2005 accredited facility. The tallest structures ever tested on a shake table were conducted on the LHPOST, free from height restrictions. Experiments using the LHPOST generate essential knowledge that has greatly advanced seismic design practice and response predictive capabilities for structural, geostructural, and non-structural systems, leading to improved earthquake safety in the community overall. Indeed, the ability to test full-size structures has made it possible to physically validate the seismic performance of various systems that previously could only be studied at reduced scale or with computer models. However, the LHPOST's limitation of 1-DOF (uni-directional) input motion prevented the investigation of important aspects of the seismic response of 3-D structural systems. The LHPOST was originally conceived as a six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) shake table but built as a single degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) system due to budget limitations. The LHPOST is currently being upgraded to 6-DOF capabilities. The 6-DOF upgraded LHPOST (LHPOST6) will create a unique, large-scale, high-performance, experimental research facility that will enable research for the advancement of the science, technology, and practice in earthquake engineering. Testing of infrastructure at large scale under realistic multi-DOF seismic excitation is essential to fully understand the seismic response behavior of civil infrastructure systems. The upgraded 6-DOF capabilities will enable the development, calibration, and validation of predictive high-fidelity mathematical/computational models, and verifying effective methods for earthquake disaster mitigation and prevention. Research conducted using the LHPOST6 will improve design codes and construction standards and develop accurate decision-making tools necessary to build and maintain sustainable and disaster-resilient communities. Moreover, it will support the advancement of new and innovative materials, manufacturing methods, detailing, earthquake protective systems, seismic retrofit methods, and construction methods. This paper will provide a brief overview of the 1-DOF LHPOST and the impact of some past landmark projects. It will also describe the upgrade to 6-DOF and the new seismic research and testing that the LHPOST6 facility will enable.

Abstract

Los movimientos en masa detonados por lluvia son una de las amenazas que cobra el mayor número de víctimas anuales en terrenos montañosos y ambientes tropicales, como los Andes colombianos. En el presente estudio, se evaluó la amenaza por movimientos en masa detonados por lluvias en el Valle de Aburrá, localizado en el norte de los Andes colombianos, donde se asienta un número importante de viviendas y familias en áreas altamente susceptibles. Por esta razón, se presenta un método cuantitativo que permite evaluar de forma holística la amenaza combinando la probabilidad espacial, temporal y magnitud. Para la probabilidad espacial de ocurrencia, se utiliza el método estadístico bivariado denominado Peso de la Evidencia. Para la probabilidad temporal, se identificaron los umbrales de lluvia detonante y lluvia antecedente requerida para detonar un movimiento en masa y su probabilidad temporal diaria, y finalmente, para la probabilidad de magnitud, se utilizó la curva magnitud-frecuencia de acuerdo con el inventario multitemporal de movimientos en masa elaborado. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que la categoría de amenaza alta representa el 75% de los movimientos en masa del inventario elaborado y abarca el 37% del área de estudio, la categoría media representa 28% de los movimientos en masa del inventario y el 56% del área de estudio, y finalmente la categoría de amenaza baja representa tan solo el 25% de los movimientos en masa del inventario y el 7% del área de estudio.

Este artículo pretende facilitar un acercamiento a la cultura coreana por medio de la descripción de la arquitectura tradicional del Hanok y señalar su especial consideración y aprovechamiento del entorno natural para adecuarlo a las necesidades de quien lo habita. Hanok es el término que se utiliza para referirse a una casa construida en el estilo arquitectónico tradicional coreano que se caracteriza por el uso de materiales naturales como madera, papel, barro y piedras; y por sus procesos constructivos que logran un tipo de vivienda ecológico cuyos rasgos más significativos tuvieron y siguen teniendo influencia en escuelas más recientes de arquitectura. También el Hanok es un tipo de construcción que ejemplifica algunos valores presentes en la tradición coreana como el confucianismo y el taoísmo.