Abstract. Many large ISP networks today rely on route-reflection [1] to allow their iBGP to scale. Route-reflection was officially introduced to limit the number of iBGP sessions, compared to thesessions required by an iBGP fullmesh. Besides its impact on the number of iBGP sessions, route-reflection has consequences on the diversity of the routes known to the routers inside an AS. In this paper, we quantify the diversity of the BGP routes inside a tier-1 network.Our analysis shows that the use of route-reflection leads to a very poor route diversity compared to an iBGP full-mesh. Most routers inside a tier-1 network know only a single external route in eBGP origin. We identify two causes for this lack of diversity. First, some routes are never selected as best by any router inside the network, but are known only to some border routers. Second, among the routes that are selected as best by at least one other router, a few are selected as best by a majority of the routers, preventing the propagation of many routes inside the AS. We show that the main reason for this diversity loss is how BGP chooses the best routes among those available inside the AS.
Service Function Chaining (SFC) é um importante campo de pesquisa na área de redes de computadores, com várias propostas de diferentes métodos de encapsulamento e encaminhamento de pacotes. Os métodos de encaminhamento de pacotes usados para implementar SFC podem inviabilizar o uso de ferramentas tradicionais de depuração de rede, o que dificulta a detecção de erros de configuração ou possíveis degradações de desempenho em ambientes SFC. Este trabalho apresenta o SFC Path Tracer, uma ferramenta para detecção de problemas no domínio SFC em ambientes NFV/SDN. Essa ferramenta permite a identificação de problemas no domínio SFC, através da geração de trace de pacotes e medição de atrasos intra-hop a partir de um SFC Path específico. SFC Path Tracer é agnóstico em relação aos mecanismos de encapsulamento e encaminhamento usados para implementar SFC, sendo eficaz na detecção de grande parte dos problemas em um ambiente SFC.
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