A highly efficient microwave irradiation method was employed
for
doping oxygen into the g-C3N4 framework using
H2O2, which entailed 10 min compared to energy-
and time-intensive calcination and hydrothermal methods. HR-XPS revealed
that O doping preferentially occurred through replacement of two coordinated
N atoms of the triazine units. The effects of the ensuing electronic
structure modulation were investigated with electrochemical tests
where the metal-free catalyst displayed a specific capacitance of
262.5 F/g at a 1 A/g current density and a satisfactory capacitance
retention of 73.17% at 6 A/g after 2000 cycles, which is comparable
to those of various metals containing g-C3N4-based catalysts. The designed asymmetric supercapacitor device revealed
a specific energy of 36.45 Wh/kg at a specific power of 2.5 kW/kg.
The microwave-irradiated O-doped g-C3N4 showed
an 8-fold increase in specific capacitance compared with bulk g-C3N4 in both CV and GCD analyses. The improved surface
structure and O content enhanced the electrode–electrolyte
contact area, thus making ion transfer highly efficient for EDLCs.
These results also opened the potential of microwave-synthesized O-doped
g-C3N4 as a base material for designing binary
and ternary electrode materials.
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