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The present study demonstrated that the PISA method is a reliable semiquantitative method to determine the amount of left-to-right shunting of VSDs and to discriminate moderate to large defects from small defects. Consequently, this method may serve as a simple and useful adjunct to conventional spectral Doppler methods in the noninvasive assessment of patients with VSDs.

ricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) distance, a measurement which is obtained easily, precisely, and non-invasively using most echocardiographic systems, is an important component of the evaluation of right ventricular systolic function. The American and EuroTurkiye Klinikleri J

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